Human land-use changes are particularly extensive in tropical regions, representing one of the greatest threats to terrestrial biodiversity and a key research topic in conservation. However, studies considering the effects of different types of anthropogenic disturbance on the functional dimension of biodiversity in human-modified landscapes are rare. Here, we obtained data through an extensive review of peer-reviewed articles and compared 30 Neotropical bat assemblages in well-preserved primary forest and four different human-disturbed habitats in terms of their functional and taxonomic diversity. We found that disturbed habitats that are structurally less similar to primary forest (pasture, cropland and early-stage secondary forest) were characterized by a lower functional and taxonomic diversity, as well as community level-functional uniqueness. These habitats generally retained fewer species that perform different ecological functions compared to higher-quality landscape matrices, such as agroforestry. According to functional trait composition, different bat ensembles respond differently to landscape change, negatively affecting mainly gleaning insectivorous bats in pasture, narrow-range species in cropland, and heavier animalivorous bats in secondary forest. Although our results highlight the importance of higher-quality matrix habitats to support elevated functional and taxonomic bat diversity, the conservation of bat species that perform different ecological functions in the mosaic of human-modified habitats also depends on the irreplaceable conservation value of well-preserved primary forests. Our study based on a pooled analysis of individual studies provides novel insights into the effects of different human-modified habitats on Neotropical bat assemblages.

中文翻译：

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土地利用变化对新热带蝙蝠功能和分类多样性的影响

人类土地利用变化在热带地区尤为广泛，是对陆地生物多样性的最大威胁之一，也是保护的关键研究课题。然而，考虑到不同类型的人为干扰对人类改造景观中生物多样性功能维度的影响的研究很少。在这里，我们通过对同行评审文章的广泛审查获得了数据，并在功能和分类多样性方面比较了保存完好的原始森林和四种不同的人类干扰栖息地中的 30 种新热带蝙蝠组合。我们发现，在结构上与原始森林（牧场、农田和早期次生林）不太相似的受干扰栖息地的特点是功能和分类多样性较低，以及群落水平功能的独特性。与较高质量的景观基质（如农林业）相比，这些栖息地通常保留较少的具有不同生态功能的物种。根据功能性状组成，不同的蝙蝠群落对景观变化的反应不同，负面影响主要是牧草中采集的食虫蝙蝠、农田中的窄范围物种和次生林中较重的食肉蝙蝠。尽管我们的研究结果强调了更高质量的基质栖息地对支持提高功能和分类蝙蝠多样性的重要性，但在人类改造的栖息地镶嵌中执行不同生态功能的蝙蝠物种的保护也取决于保存完好的栖息地的不可替代的保护价值。原始森林。