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Leukocyte profiles of two neotropical anuran species affected by anthropogenic habitat alteration
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-23 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12564 P. G. Garcia Neto 1 , A. J. Nowakowski 2 , A. F. C. Silva 3 , O. C. C. Oliveira 4 , R. N. M. Guerra 5 , G. V. Andrade 1
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-23 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12564 P. G. Garcia Neto 1 , A. J. Nowakowski 2 , A. F. C. Silva 3 , O. C. C. Oliveira 4 , R. N. M. Guerra 5 , G. V. Andrade 1
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Many amphibian species are vulnerable to environmental changes, especially in the tropics where presumably a large number of species have evolved narrow niches. Rapid environmental changes, such as deforestation, may promote stress responses in anurans that could affect population viability. The stress response in vertebrates is highly conserved, often involving the liberation of glucocorticoids hormones and the recruitment of immune competent cells. The objective of this work was to evaluate leukocyte profiles among individuals of two neotropical anuran species affected by anthropogenic habitat alteration. We took blood samples from adult individuals of Physalaemus cuvieri and Scinax x‐signatus in natural and converted habitats in NE Brazil. We analyzed differential leukocyte counts, where increases in neutrophils and decreases in lymphocytes are indicative of a stress response. Specimens of S. x‐signatus captured in highly altered habitats presented a higher neutrophil:lymphocyte (N:L) ratios than individuals from natural habitats. In contrast, P. cuvieri individuals exhibited no difference in N:L ratios between habitat types. These results suggest that the immune response depends on the species and the level of habitat alteration. Although S. x‐signatus can be considered a generalist species, individuals from this species exhibited increased stress response associated with habitat alteration. The lack of a strong stress response of P. cuvieri, may suggest that this species is more tolerant of habitat alteration or that those individuals have acclimated to anthropogenic stressors more rapidly than S. x‐signatus. These variable responses of immune function in highly altered habitats suggest avenues for future experimental work that examines responses to multiple stressors, including disease, which could scale to population trends in altered habitats.
中文翻译：
人为生境改变影响的两种新热带无氧物种的白细胞谱
许多两栖动物很容易受到环境变化的影响，特别是在热带地区，那里可能有大量物种进化出狭窄的生态位。快速的环境变化（例如森林砍伐）可能会促进无脊椎动物的压力反应，从而影响种群生存能力。脊椎动物的应激反应高度保守，通常涉及糖皮质激素的释放和免疫感受态细胞的募集。这项工作的目的是评估受人为生境改变影响的两种新热带无氧物种个体之间的白细胞分布。我们从Physalaemus cuvieri和Scinax x-signatus的成年个体采集了血液样本在巴西东北部的自然和转变栖息地中。我们分析了不同的白细胞计数，其中嗜中性粒细胞的增加和淋巴细胞的减少表示应激反应。在高度变化的栖息地中捕获的沙门氏菌标本比自然栖息地的个体具有更高的嗜中性粒细胞：淋巴细胞（N：L）比。相反，P。cuvieri个体在生境类型之间的N：L比率没有差异。这些结果表明免疫应答取决于物种和生境改变的水平。尽管沙门氏菌可以被认为是一个通才物种，但该物种的个体表现出与生境改变相关的应激反应增加。缺乏强烈的压力反应P. cuvieri可能表明该物种对生境变化的耐受性更高，或者这些个体比S. x信号菌更容易适应人为胁迫。在高度变化的栖息地中，免疫功能的这些可变反应为未来的实验工作提供了途径，该实验研究了对多种应激源（包括疾病）的反应，这些反应可以适应变化的栖息地中的种群趋势。
更新日期：2020-01-23
中文翻译：
人为生境改变影响的两种新热带无氧物种的白细胞谱
许多两栖动物很容易受到环境变化的影响，特别是在热带地区，那里可能有大量物种进化出狭窄的生态位。快速的环境变化（例如森林砍伐）可能会促进无脊椎动物的压力反应，从而影响种群生存能力。脊椎动物的应激反应高度保守，通常涉及糖皮质激素的释放和免疫感受态细胞的募集。这项工作的目的是评估受人为生境改变影响的两种新热带无氧物种个体之间的白细胞分布。我们从Physalaemus cuvieri和Scinax x-signatus的成年个体采集了血液样本在巴西东北部的自然和转变栖息地中。我们分析了不同的白细胞计数，其中嗜中性粒细胞的增加和淋巴细胞的减少表示应激反应。在高度变化的栖息地中捕获的沙门氏菌标本比自然栖息地的个体具有更高的嗜中性粒细胞：淋巴细胞（N：L）比。相反，P。cuvieri个体在生境类型之间的N：L比率没有差异。这些结果表明免疫应答取决于物种和生境改变的水平。尽管沙门氏菌可以被认为是一个通才物种，但该物种的个体表现出与生境改变相关的应激反应增加。缺乏强烈的压力反应P. cuvieri可能表明该物种对生境变化的耐受性更高，或者这些个体比S. x信号菌更容易适应人为胁迫。在高度变化的栖息地中，免疫功能的这些可变反应为未来的实验工作提供了途径，该实验研究了对多种应激源（包括疾病）的反应，这些反应可以适应变化的栖息地中的种群趋势。
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