The umbrella effect of Natura 2000 annex species spreads over multiple taxonomic groups, conservation attributes and organizational levels,Animal Conservation

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The umbrella effect of Natura 2000 annex species spreads over multiple taxonomic groups, conservation attributes and organizational levels
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-27 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12551
R. Morán‐López ₁ , E. Cortés Gañán ₁ , O. Uceda Tolosa ₁ , J. M. Sánchez Guzmán ₁

Affiliation

The Natura 2000 network (N2K) was designed using species and habitats annexed in the European Union’s (EU) Directives of Birds (BD) and Habitats (HD). The selection of such species receives increasing criticism, as does the frequent use of design methods not based on Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP). As a result, a proportion of the EU’s biodiversity may remain uncovered by the network, irrespective of the degree of coverage of the annex species. Data limitations currently prevent rigorous EU‐wide gap analysis for multiple biodiversity components simultaneously (i.e., taxonomic groups, conservation attributes and organizational levels), but regional data at finer resolutions may add evidence of the breadth of the umbrella effect to be expected. We tested the hypothesis that an objectively designed N2K may confer the EU´s annex species an umbrella effect over multiple biodiversity components. This conjoint analysis of multiple taxa, attributes and levels is rarely done. We used distribution data of terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates in one of the richest regions in the EU (Extremadura, Spain), whose reserves and biodiversity surpass many EU countries, and where the N2K was designed through SCP. We implemented a gap analysis explicitly including annex species status, conservation‐relevant attributes (rarity, endemicity and vulnerability) and organizational levels (species, richness and hotspots). The annexed species acted as an umbrella group at the species, richness and hotspot levels, successfully covering rarity, endemicity and vulnerability. Our results show that the set of species that currently forms the EU’s directives annexes has a wide umbrella potential, at least where objective SCP methods were used for reserve design. We suggest that, under such conditions, N2K design could essentially remain constant within a context of changing threat status, the challenge of conservation resting more on management measures than on redesigns of the network.

中文翻译：

Natura 2000附件物种的保护伞效应遍及多个生物分类群，保护属性和组织水平

Natura 2000网络（N2K）是使用欧盟（EU）鸟类指令（BD）和栖息地（HD）所附的物种和栖息地设计的。对此类物种的选择越来越受到批评，因为频繁使用不基于系统保护规划（SCP）的设计方法。结果，无论附件物种的覆盖程度如何，该网络都可能无法覆盖欧盟一部分生物多样性。当前的数据局限性阻止了同时针对多个生物多样性组成部分（即，生物分类群，保护属性和组织级别）进行严格的欧盟范围内的差距分析，但更高分辨率的区域数据可能会增加预期的总括效应的证据。我们测试了一个假设，即客观设计的N2K可能会赋予欧盟的附件物种一个覆盖生物多样性的多重影响的伞状效应。很少对多个分类单元，属性和级别进行联合分析。我们使用了欧盟最富有的地区之一（西班牙埃斯特雷马杜拉）的陆生脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的分布数据，该地区的储藏量和生物多样性超过了许多欧盟国家，并且通过SCP设计了N2K。我们明确进行了差距分析，包括附件物种的现状，与保护相关的属性（稀有性，地方性和脆弱性）和组织水平（物种，丰富性和热点）。附件中的物种在物种，丰富度和热点级别上是一个保护伞，成功地涵盖了稀有性，地方性和脆弱性。我们的结果表明，至少在使用客观SCP方法进行保护区设计的情况下，当前构成欧盟指令附件的一组物种具有广阔的保护范围。我们建议，在这种情况下，N2K设计在不断变化的威胁状态下可以基本保持不变，保护的挑战更多地取决于管理措施，而不是网络的重新设计。

更新日期：2019-11-27

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