Mortality of seabirds migrating across the tropical Atlantic in relation to oceanographic processes,Animal Conservation

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Mortality of seabirds migrating across the tropical Atlantic in relation to oceanographic processes
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-28 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12539
D. C. Tavares ₁ , J. F. Moura ₁ , A. Merico _{1,

2} , S. Siciliano ₃

Affiliation

Large‐scale climatic processes such as the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can have severe effects on the survival of seabirds in their breeding regions. However, there is a fundamental lack of understanding about how environmental factors are related to the mortality of these organisms in non‐breeding areas of the tropics. We investigate here the direct and indirect effects of ENSO and oceanographic variables on the mortality of three migratory seabird species targeted by conservation programmes focused on human impacts: the Atlantic yellow‐nosed albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos, the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus and the Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus in a non‐breeding area in Brazil, tropical Atlantic. We find that the intensification of ENSO increases the mortality of Manx shearwaters by enhancing the local storm activity. The mortality of Atlantic yellow‐nosed albatrosses and Magellanic penguins is also related to a local increase in storm activity but regardless of the ENSO signature. Increased mortality of Magellanic penguins is observed when biological productivity falls below the annual average (1.7 mg m⁻³). Adverse climatic conditions are highly deleterious for migratory seabirds and single storm episodes can cause massive deaths, thus exacerbating population declines. We argue that conservation and management strategies for migratory seabirds studied here should not only focus on direct human impacts but should also consider mitigating the effects of climate variability.

中文翻译：

与海洋学过程有关的穿越热带大西洋迁移的海鸟死亡率

诸如厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）之类的大规模气候过程可能对繁殖地区海鸟的生存产生严重影响。但是，对于环境因素与这些生物在热带非繁殖地区的死亡率之间的关系有根本的了解。我们在这里调查ENSO和海洋变量对以人类影响为重点的保护计划所针对的三种迁徙海鸟物种的死亡率的直接和间接影响：大西洋黄鼻信天翁Thalassarche chlororhynchos，麦哲伦企鹅Spheniscus magellanicus和Manx shear水海鹦Puffinus在热带大西洋巴西的非繁殖地区。我们发现ENSO的增强通过增强局部风暴活动而增加了Manx剪切水的死亡率。大西洋黄鼻信天翁和麦哲伦企鹅的死亡率也与风暴活动的局部增加有关，但与ENSO签名无关。当生物生产力低于年平均水平（1.7 mg m ^-3）时，观察到麦哲伦企鹅的死亡率增加）。不利的气候条件对迁徙的海鸟极为有害，一次暴风雨可导致大量死亡，从而加剧人口下降。我们认为，本文研究的迁徙海鸟的保护和管理策略不仅应侧重于人类的直接影响，而且还应考虑减轻气候多变性的影响。

更新日期：2019-09-28

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