Amphibian chytrid fungus in Africa – realigning hypotheses and the research paradigm,Animal Conservation

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Amphibian chytrid fungus in Africa – realigning hypotheses and the research paradigm
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-23 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12538
T. M. Doherty‐Bone _{1,

2} , A. A. Cunningham ₃ , M. C. Fisher ₄ , T. W. J. Garner _{3,

5} , P. Ghosh _{4,

5} , D. J. Gower ₂ , R. Verster ₅ , C. Weldon ₅

Affiliation

The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), responsible for numerous amphibian declines and extinctions, was previously thought to originate from the African continent. This was based on infected museum specimens from early 20th century South Africa, Cameroon and Uganda. Further research on archived specimens from other continents eventually revealed early 20th century records also in Brazil and Japan. Recent robust analysis of genomic diversity and phylogeny of Bd has shown origin from Asia to be more plausible. This raises the issue that the threat of Bd for African amphibians as a novel pathogen has been underestimated. There are now cases where dramatic amphibian declines in disparate mountains on the continent could be attributed to Bd, and this necessitates an urgent realigning of hypotheses and the research agenda for amphibian conservation on the continent. Notably, hotspots of amphibian host naivety include West Africa where this pathogen has so far not been detected. We discuss research gaps that amphibian conservationists might focus on, notably more genomic sequencing of the BdCAPE (the less virulent) lineage to determine its date of emergence, and assessing the susceptibility of different amphibian species to infection, disease and decline to better prioritize conservation actions.

中文翻译：

非洲的两栖壶菌——重新调整假设和研究范式

两栖动物壶菌真菌 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) 导致了许多两栖动物的衰退和灭绝，此前被认为起源于非洲大陆。这是基于 20 世纪初南非、喀麦隆和乌干达受感染的博物馆标本。对来自其他大陆的存档标本的进一步研究最终在巴西和日本发现了 20 世纪初的记录。最近对 Bd 的基因组多样性和系统发育的有力分析表明，来自亚洲的可能性更大。这提出了一个问题，即 Bd 作为一种新型病原体对非洲两栖动物的威胁被低估了。现在有些情况下，大陆上不同山脉的两栖动物急剧减少可归因于 Bd，这需要紧急重新调整非洲大陆两栖动物保护的假设和研究议程。值得注意的是，两栖动物宿主幼稚的热点包括西非，迄今为止尚未检测到这种病原体。我们讨论了两栖动物保护主义者可能关注的研究空白，特别是对 BdCAPE（毒性较小）谱系进行更多基因组测序以确定其出现日期，并评估不同两栖动物物种对感染、疾病和衰退的敏感性，以更好地确定保护行动的优先顺序.

更新日期：2019-09-23

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