Trait‐based food web model reveals the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relationships,Journal of Animal Ecology

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Trait‐based food web model reveals the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relationships
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13207
Aurore Maureaud ₁ , Ken H Andersen ₁ , Lai Zhang ₂ , Martin Lindegren ₁

Affiliation

The concept of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) has been studied over the last three decades using experiments, theoretical models, and more recently observational data. While theoretical models revealed that species richness is the best metric summarizing ecosystem functioning, it is clear that ecosystem function is explained by other variables besides species richness. Additionally, theoretical models rarely focus on more than one ecosystem function, limiting ecosystem functioning to biomass or production. There is a lack of theoretical background to verify how other components of biodiversity and species interactions support ecosystem functioning. Here, using simulations from a food web model based on a community assembly process and a trait-based approach, we test how species biodiversity, food web structure and predator-prey interactions determine several ecosystem functions (biomass, metabolism, production, and productivity). Our results demonstrate that the relationship between species richness and ecosystem functioning depends on the type of ecosystem function considered and the importance of diversity and food web structure differs across functions. Particularly, we show that dominance plays a major role in determining the level of biomass, and is at least as important as the number of species. We find that dominance occurs in the food web when species do not experience strong predation. By manipulating the structure of the food web, we show that species using a wider trait space (generalist communities) result in more connected food webs, and generally reach the same level of functioning with less species. The model shows the importance of generalist versus specialist communities on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, and as such, empirical studies should focus on quantifying the importance of diet/habitat use on ecosystem functioning. Our study provides a better understanding of BEF underlying mechanisms, and generates research hypotheses that can be considered and tested in observational studies. We recommend that studies investigating links between biodiversity and ecosystem functions should include metrics of dominance, species composition, trophic structure and possibly environmental trait space. We also advise that more effort should be made into calculating several ecosystem functions and properties with data from natural multi-trophic systems.

中文翻译：

基于特征的食物网模型揭示生物多样性-生态系统功能关系的潜在机制

在过去的三十年中，已经使用实验、理论模型和最近的观测数据研究了生物多样性生态系统功能 (BEF) 的概念。虽然理论模型表明物种丰富度是总结生态系统功能的最佳指标，但很明显，生态系统功能可以通过物种丰富度以外的其他变量来解释。此外，理论模型很少关注一种以上的生态系统功能，将生态系统功能限制在生物量或生产上。缺乏理论背景来验证生物多样性和物种相互作用的其他组成部分如何支持生态系统功能。在这里，我们使用基于群落组装过程和基于特征的方法的食物网模型的模拟，测试物种生物多样性如何，食物网结构和捕食者-猎物相互作用决定了几个生态系统功能（生物量、新陈代谢、生产和生产力）。我们的结果表明，物种丰富度和生态系统功能之间的关系取决于所考虑的生态系统功能类型，多样性和食物网结构的重要性因功能而异。特别是，我们表明优势在确定生物量水平方面起着重要作用，并且至少与物种数量一样重要。我们发现当物种没有经历强烈的捕食时，食物网中会出现优势。通过操纵食物网的结构，我们表明使用更广泛特征空间（通才社区）的物种会导致更多连接的食物网，并且通常以更少的物种达到相同的功能水平。该模型显示了通才与专业社区对生物多样性-生态系统功能关系的重要性，因此，实证研究应侧重于量化饮食/栖息地使用对生态系统功能的重要性。我们的研究提供了对 BEF 潜在机制的更好理解，并产生了可以在观察性研究中考虑和测试的研究假设。我们建议调查生物多样性和生态系统功能之间联系的研究应该包括优势、物种组成、营养结构和可能的环境特征空间的指标。我们还建议，应该更加努力地使用来自自然多营养系统的数据来计算多个生态系统功能和特性。

更新日期：2020-04-02

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