Buildings are responsible for approximately 36% of carbon emissions in the European Union. Besides, gradual aging and a lack of adaptability and flexibility of buildings often lead to destructive interventions, resulting not only in higher costs but also in a large amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW). Recently, an innovative system (Ref. VEEP project) has been developed to recycle CDW for the manufacturing of energy‐efficient prefabricated concrete elements (PCE) for new building construction. By applying life cycle costing (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA), this study aimed to determine whether the use of VEEP PCE leads to lower carbon emission and lower associated costs over the life cycle of an exemplary four‐story residential building in the Netherlands than a business‐as‐usual (BAU) PCE scenario. This paper provides a case study on the alignment and/or integration of LCA and LCC in an independent and a combined manner (via monetization). This study examines how the internalization of carbon emission and discount rate will affect the final life cycle costs over a 40‐year life span. The simulation results show that the key to economic viability and environmental soundness of VEEP PCE is to reduce production cost and to optimize the thermal performance of the novel isolation material Aerogel; internalization of external cost monetarizes the environmental advantage thus slightly expands the cost advantage of low carbon options, but leads to larger uncertainty about the LCC result.

中文翻译：

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预制混凝土建筑立面元素的生命周期温室气体排放和成本分析

在欧盟，建筑物约占碳排放量的36％。此外，建筑物的逐渐老化以及缺乏适应性和灵活性常常导致破坏性的干预，不仅导致成本增加，而且导致大量的建筑和拆除废物（CDW）。最近，已经开发出一种创新系统（参考VEEP项目）来回收CDW，以用于制造节能建筑的预制混凝土构件（PCE），用于新建建筑。通过应用生命周期成本（LCC）和生命周期评估（LCA），本研究旨在确定VEEP PCE的使用是否能够在该示例性四层住宅建筑的生命周期内降低碳排放并降低相关成本。荷兰而不是常规业务（BAU）PCE方案。本文以独立和组合的方式（通过货币化）提供了有关LCA和LCC的对齐和/或集成的案例研究。本研究探讨了碳排放和贴现率的内部化将如何影响40年寿命内的最终生命周期成本。仿真结果表明，VEEP PCE具有经济可行性和环境稳健性的关键是降低生产成本并优化新型隔离材料Aerogel的热性能。外部成本的内部化会削弱环境优势，因此会稍微扩展低碳选择的成本优势，但会导致LCC结果的不确定性更大。本研究探讨了碳排放和贴现率的内部化将如何影响40年寿命内的最终生命周期成本。仿真结果表明，VEEP PCE具有经济可行性和环境稳健性的关键是降低生产成本并优化新型隔离材料Aerogel的热性能。外部成本的内部化会削弱环境优势，因此会稍微扩展低碳选择的成本优势，但会导致LCC结果的不确定性更大。本研究探讨了碳排放和贴现率的内部化将如何影响40年寿命内的最终生命周期成本。仿真结果表明，VEEP PCE具有经济可行性和环境稳健性的关键是降低生产成本并优化新型隔离材料Aerogel的热性能。外部成本的内部化会削弱环境优势，因此会稍微扩展低碳选择的成本优势，但会导致LCC结果的不确定性更大。