The reduced environmental footprint of bicycle sharing systems (BSS) is one of the reasons for their rapid growth in popularity. BSS have evolved technologically, transitioning from smart dock systems to smart bicycle systems, and it is not clear if the increased use of electronics in BSS results in a net environmental benefit. This article provides an evaluation of the impact of incorporating additional technology into BSS and uses that analysis as guidance for future BSS development. By comparing the impacts of a private bicycle, a smart dock BSS, and smart bike BSS using a life cycle assessment (LCA), this work reveals breakeven points and tradeoffs between the technologies. This study is also the first published empirical LCA of a smart bike known to the authors. In the production phase, smart bikes generate approximately three times the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to the smart dock bikes per kilometer ridden over the lifetime, and when considering the endpoint categories of human health, ecosystem, and resources, smart bikes have approximately 2.7 times the environmental impact. The results suggest that shifting from smart dock to smart bike requires an increase in ridership by a factor of 1.8 to overcome the increased environmental impact based on the GHG emissions. We find that smart docks become preferable at a population density between 1,030 residents/km² (in a bike friendly city) and 3,100 residents/km² (in a city that is less likely to bike).

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生命周期评估，以量化技术改进对共享自行车系统的影响

自行车共享系统（BSS）减少的环境足迹是其迅速普及的原因之一。BSS在技术上已经发展，从智能扩展坞系统过渡到智能自行车系统，尚不清楚BSS中电子设备的增加使用是否会带来净环境效益。本文提供了对将附加技术并入BSS的影响的评估，并将该分析用作将来BSS开发的指导。通过使用生命周期评估（LCA）比较私人自行车，智能码头BSS和智能自行车BSS的影响，这项工作揭示了技术之间的收支平衡点和折衷方案。这项研究也是作者所知的首次发布的智能自行车经验LCA。在生产阶段，与生命周期内每公里骑行的智能码头自行车相比，智能自行车产生的温室气体（GHG）排放量约为其三倍，并且在考虑人类健康，生态系统和资源的端点类别时，智能自行车的排放量约为温室气体的2.7倍。对环境造成的影响。结果表明，从智能码头向智能自行车转变需要将乘车率提高1.8倍，以克服因温室气体排放而增加的环境影响。我们发现，智能码头在人口密度为1,030居民/公里的情况下变得更受欢迎 环境影响的7倍。结果表明，从智能码头向智能自行车转变需要将乘车率提高1.8倍，以克服因温室气体排放而增加的环境影响。我们发现，智能码头在人口密度为1,030居民/公里的情况下变得更受欢迎 环境影响的7倍。结果表明，从智能码头向智能自行车转变需要将乘车率提高1.8倍，以克服因温室气体排放而增加的环境影响。我们发现，智能码头在人口密度为1,030居民/公里的情况下变得更受欢迎²（在自行车友善的城市）和3,100居民/ km ²（在不太可能骑自行车的城市）。