Long‐haul transportation demand is predicted to increase in the future, resulting in higher carbon dioxide emissions. Different drivetrain technologies, such as hybrid or battery electric vehicles, electrified roads, liquefied natural gas and hydrogen, might offer solutions to this problem. To assess their ecological and economic impact, these concepts were simulated including a weight and cost model to estimate the total cost of ownership. An evolutionary algorithm optimizes each vehicle to find a concept specific optimal solution. A model calculates the minimum investment in infrastructure required to meet the energy demand for each concept. A well‐to‐wheel analysis takes into account upstream and on‐road carbon dioxide emissions, to compare fully electric vehicles with conventional combustion engines. Investment in new infrastructure is the biggest drawback of electrified road concepts, although they offer low CO₂ emissions. The diesel hybrid is the best compromise between carbon reduction and costs.

中文翻译：

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长途运输能源载体的技术生态分析

预计未来长途运输需求将增加，从而导致更高的二氧化碳排放量。诸如混合动力或电池电动汽车，电气化道路，液化天然气和氢气等不同的传动系统技术可能会为该问题提供解决方案。为了评估它们的生态和经济影响，对这些概念进行了模拟，包括权重和成本模型以估算总体拥有成本。进化算法优化了每辆车，以找到特定于概念的最优解决方案。模型计算满足每个概念的能源需求所需的基础设施的最低投资。轮到车轮分析考虑了上游和道路上的二氧化碳排放量，以便将全电动汽车与传统内燃机进行比较。₂排放。柴油混合动力车是减少碳排放和降低成本之间的最佳折衷方案。