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Landscape context mediates the physiological stress response of birds to farmland diversification
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13583 Christopher E. Latimer 1 , Olivia M. Smith 2 , Joseph M. Taylor 3 , Amanda B. Edworthy 3 , Jeb P. Owen 3 , William E. Snyder 3 , Christina M. Kennedy 1
中文翻译：
景观环境调节了鸟类对农田多样化的生理压力响应
更新日期：2020-03-01
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13583 Christopher E. Latimer 1 , Olivia M. Smith 2 , Joseph M. Taylor 3 , Amanda B. Edworthy 3 , Jeb P. Owen 3 , William E. Snyder 3 , Christina M. Kennedy 1
Affiliation
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- Farmland diversification practices are increasingly adopted to help reverse biodiversity declines in agroecosystems. However, evidence for the effectiveness of this approach often comes from documenting the species attracted to particular farming systems or landscapes, rather than their underlying physiological states that ultimately determine population growth or decline over the longer term.
- Across 38 organic, mixed‐produce farms spanning the US west coast, we quantified three physiological biomarkers that are widely used to capture variation in short‐ and long‐term stress responses for nine bird species with diverse life‐history traits. While controlling for other potentially confounding variables, we used multilevel models to examine the association between bird physiological conditions, landscape context and local farm management practices, including the integration of livestock, and cropland composition and configuration.
- Birds generally had lower stress responses on more‐locally diverse farms and in landscapes with higher amounts of semi‐natural cover. However, interactions between farm diversity and landscape context suggested birds were less stressed on more diverse farms in simpler landscapes, but more stressed and in poorer condition on more diverse farms embedded within complex landscapes.
- We found no differences in stress responses among birds in relation to their degree of human association (synanthropy), which suggests generality in our findings.
- Synthesis and applications. Birds were often less stressed on more diverse farms. However, these patterns were mediated by landscape context: birds were less stressed on more diverse farms in simplified landscapes, but more stressed on more diverse farms within complex landscapes. This means land managers might not see uniform effects of local diversification schemes across different landscape contexts. Our results underscore the need to consider responses related to physiological health status, in addition to species richness and abundance, to determine the effectiveness of farm management for biodiversity conservation.
中文翻译：
景观环境调节了鸟类对农田多样化的生理压力响应
- 越来越多地采用农田多样化做法，以帮助扭转农业生态系统中生物多样性的下降。但是，这种方法有效性的证据通常来自记录被特定耕作系统或景观吸引的物种，而不是最终确定人口长期增长或下降的潜在生理状态。
- 在横跨美国西海岸的38个有机，混合生产的农场中，我们对三种生理生物标记物进行了量化，这些生物标记物广泛用于捕获9种具有不同生命历史特征的鸟类的短期和长期胁迫反应。在控制其他可能造成混淆的变量时，我们使用了多层模型来研究鸟类生理状况，景观环境与当地农场管理实践之间的关联，包括牲畜的整合以及农田的组成和配置。
- 一般而言，鸟类在更多地方的农场和半自然覆盖量较高的景观中对压力的响应较低。但是，农场多样性与景观环境之间的相互作用表明，在较为简单的景观中，多样化农场的鸟类压力较小，而在复杂景观中的多样化农场中，压力较大，条件较差。
- 我们发现在鸟类之间的应激反应方面，与人类的联想度（人类忠诚度）没有差异，这表明我们的发现具有普遍性。
- 综合与应用。在种类繁多的农场中，鸟类的压力通常较小。但是，这些模式是由景观环境所介导的：在简化的景观中，鸟类在更多样化的农场上的压力较小，而在复杂景观中的多样化农场上的压力较大。这意味着土地管理者可能看不到不同景观环境下的本地多样化计划的统一效果。我们的结果强调，除了物种丰富度和丰度外，还需要考虑与生理健康状况相关的响应，以确定农场管理对生物多样性保护的有效性。
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