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Sámi knowledge and ecosystem‐based adaptation strategies for managing pastures under threat from multiple land uses
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13559 Vera H. Hausner 1 , Sigrid Engen 1, 2 , Camilla Brattland 3, 4 , Per Fauchald 2
中文翻译：
萨米知识和基于生态系统的适应策略，用于管理受到多种土地利用威胁的牧场
更新日期：2020-02-03
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13559 Vera H. Hausner 1 , Sigrid Engen 1, 2 , Camilla Brattland 3, 4 , Per Fauchald 2
Affiliation
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- Ecosystem‐based adaptation (EbA) relies upon the capacity of ecosystems to buffer communities against the adverse impacts of climate change. Maintaining ecosystems that deliver critical services to communities can also provide co‐benefits beyond adaptation, such as climate mitigation and protection of biological diversity and livelihoods. EbA has, to a limited extent, drawn upon indigenous and local knowledge for defining critical services and for implementing EbA in decision‐making. This is a paradox given that the primary focus of EbA is to enable communities to adapt to climate change.
- The purpose of this study was to elucidate EbA strategies that take into account the knowledge of Sámi reindeer herders about pastures in tundra regions. We first examined what constitutes critical services through a synthesis of data and literature. We thereafter used content analysis of 91 land use cases from 2010 to 2018 to investigate to what extent the herders’ knowledge and maps over seasonal pastures and migratory routes are used in local decision‐making. Finally, we propose EbA strategies of relevance to Sámi communities and pastoral communities elsewhere.
- Our analysis revealed that reindeer herders and organizations representing their interests perceived threats from green energy development, tourism, recreation, public road construction and powerlines. These threats included the loss of key habitats and the loss of connectivity for migration between seasonal pastures. Pastoralists’ knowledge is incorporated through participatory tools to protect the ecosystems and services crucial for pastoralists, but multiple competing land uses result in incremental loss of pastures regardless.
- Synthesis and applications. Protecting pasture ecosystems and the services they deliver, including the connectivity between pastures, are necessary Ecosystem‐based adaptation (EbA) strategies to buffer the adverse effects of climate change. Drawing on pastoralists’ knowledge to elicit EbA strategies can inform decision‐making, but it is equally important to implement this knowledge for prioritizing adaptation needs in the assessment of competing land use.
中文翻译：
萨米知识和基于生态系统的适应策略，用于管理受到多种土地利用威胁的牧场
- 基于生态系统的适应（EbA）依赖于生态系统缓冲社区抵御气候变化不利影响的能力。维持为社区提供关键服务的生态系统，还可以带来适应以外的共同利益，例如减缓气候变化以及保护生物多样性和生计。EbA在一定程度上利用了本地和本地知识来定义关键服务和在决策中实施EbA。考虑到EbA的主要重点是使社区适应气候变化，这是一个悖论。
- 这项研究的目的是阐明考虑到萨米驯鹿牧民对苔原地区牧场的了解的EbA策略。我们首先通过数据和文献的综合研究了构成关键服务的内容。此后，我们使用了2010年至2018年间91个土地使用案例的内容分析，以调查在当地决策中使用牧民的知识和季节性牧场和迁徙路线的地图的程度。最后，我们提出了与萨米人社区和其他地方的牧民社区相关的EbA策略。
- 我们的分析表明，代表其利益的驯鹿牧民和组织认为来自绿色能源开发，旅游业，休闲，公共道路建设和电力线的威胁。这些威胁包括主要栖息地的丧失以及季节性牧场之间迁移的连通性的丧失。牧民的知识通过参与性工具纳入其中，以保护对牧民至关重要的生态系统和服务，但无论如何，多种相互竞争的土地利用方式都会导致牧场的逐步丧失。
- 综合与应用。保护牧场生态系统及其提供的服务，包括牧场之间的连通性，是必要的基于生态系统的适应（EbA）策略，以缓解气候变化的不利影响。利用牧民的知识来得出EbA策略可以为决策提供信息，但同样重要的是，在评估竞争性土地利用时，利用这些知识来优先考虑适应需求。
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