Body size is one of the most influential traits affecting many ecological and physiological processes across animal and plant taxa. Studies of the environmental factors shaping body size patterns may evaluate either temporal or spatial dimensions. Here, we analyzed body size evolution in the radiation of Anolis lizards across both geographical and temporal dimensions. We used a set of macroecological and macroevolutionary methods to test current and past environmental effects on geographical gradients of body size and its evolutionary rates. First, we test whether a set of current ecological/physiological hypotheses (heat balance, productivity and seasonality) explains spatial body size gradients. Second, we evaluate how tempo (i.e. evolutionary rates) and mode (i.e. evolutionary process) of body size evolution changed through time and the role of paleo‐temperatures on rates of body size evolution during the Cenozoic. We did not find a signature of current environmental variables driving spatial body size gradients. By contrast, we found strong support for a correlation between temperature changes (i.e. climate cooling) during the Cenozoic and rates of body size evolution (i.e. body size diversification). We suggest that patterns of body size evolution in Anolis lizards might be influenced by thermoregulatory behavior across clades and regions.

中文翻译：

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Anolis蜥蜴的体型宏观生态学和宏观进化

体型是影响整个动植物类群许多生态和生理过程的最有影响力的特征之一。对塑造人体尺寸模式的环境因素的研究可能会评估时间或空间尺寸。在这里，我们分析了Anolis辐射下的人体尺寸演变跨越地理和时间维度的蜥蜴。我们使用了一组宏观生态学和宏观进化论方法来测试当前和过去的环境对人体大小及其进化速率的地理梯度的影响。首先，我们测试一组当前的生态/生理假设（热量平衡，生产率和季节性）是否可以解释空间体大小梯度。其次，我们评估了新生代体内体型进化的速度（即进化速率）和模式（即进化过程）如何随时间变化以及古温度对体型进化速率的作用。我们没有发现驱动环境空间大小梯度的当前环境变量的特征。相比之下，我们发现强烈支持温度变化之间的相关性（即 新生代期间的气候变冷和体型演化的速率（即体型多样化）。我们建议在安乐蜥可能通过在分支和地区的体温调节行为的影响。