Climate change and disasters: The ethics of leadership,WIREs Climate Change

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Climate change and disasters: The ethics of leadership
WIREs Climate Change ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-21 , DOI: 10.1002/wcc.624
Mark Crosweller ₁ , Petra Tschakert ₁

Affiliation

Climate change, extreme events, and related disasters pose significant challenges not only for the poorest and most vulnerable populations, but also for leaders in disaster and emergency management. Effective leadership entails preparing for and responding to increasing intensities and frequencies of extreme natural hazard events while managing and justifying suffering and loss that communities and individuals experience in case of failed protection. Insight is provided into this double challenge and how it is compounded by the concomitant ways modern societies engage with risk and construct vulnerability and resilience. A conceptual framework is used to show how the rise of modernity, today's risk society, neoliberalism, and governmentality as found in many western democracies, converge to constrain disaster leadership and management, illustrating how interpretations of responsibility and potential loss and suffering have shifted from organizations to individual actors, exacerbating the leadership dilemma in managing hazard‐driven crises. This includes ways that neoliberal governmentality warp understandings of vulnerability and resilience by understating one and overstating the other. Through a heuristic, we explain mounting leadership challenges with increasing levels of disaster intensity and consequence, drawing upon natural hazard examples from Australia. Although recent literature on ethical and responsible leadership in disasters points toward tangible ways to overcome aspects of the leadership dilemma, preparing for and responding to increasing disaster intensity require additional leadership qualities. This review ends by outlining relevant aspects from relational leadership ethics, feminist care ethics, and the philosophy and ethics of compassion to advance knowledge toward an ethics of disaster leadership.

中文翻译：

气候变化与灾难：领导力伦理

气候变化，极端事件和相关的灾难不仅对最贫穷和最脆弱的人口，而且对灾难和应急管理的领导者都构成重大挑战。有效的领导力需要为极端自然灾害事件的强度和频率做出准备并作出响应，同时管理和证明在保护失败的情况下社区和个人遭受的痛苦和损失。洞察力提供了对这一双重挑战的理解，以及如何与现代社会伴随的风险应对方式以及如何构建脆弱性和适应力相结合。概念框架用于说明在许多西方民主国家中发现的现代性，当今的风险社会，新自由主义和政府性的崛起如何融合在一起，以约束灾难的领导和管理，说明了责任，潜在损失和痛苦的解释如何从组织转移到个人行为者，加剧了在管理由灾害驱动的危机中的领导困境。这包括新自由主义政府通过低估一个和高估另一个来扭曲对脆弱性和韧性的理解。通过启发式方法，我们借鉴澳大利亚的自然灾害实例，解释了随着灾害强度和后果水平的提高而面临的领导挑战。尽管最近有关灾难中道德和负责任的领导力的文献指出了克服领导力困境的切实方法，但为应对日益增加的灾难强度做好准备并做出响应需要更多的领导才能。

更新日期：2019-10-21

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