ABSTRACT Light levels recommended for parking facilities should be backed by empirical research that accounts for all users. In the current study, pedestrians’ and drivers’ visual performance and their perceptions of safety, comfort, and visibility were evaluated at a parking garage and at parking lots with asphalt and concrete pavements under three light source types (high-pressure sodium luminaire, 3000 K light emitting diode [LED] luminaire, and 5000 K LED luminaire) and at multiple light levels. Visual performance involved facial and hand recognition, wheel stop detection, detection of a side-facing pedestrian, and detection of a vehicle backing up from a parking spot. Perceptions of safety, comfort, and visibility were assessed by means of a questionnaire. Results showed that in the parking garage, an increase in light level beyond 10 lux of average horizontal pavement illuminance did not result in a statistically significant increase in visual performance or perceptions of safety, comfort, and visibility. For parking lots of asphalt and concrete pavements, this plateauing was observed at the 2 lux light level. No statistical differences were observed between the light source types for the visual performance tasks, but the perceptions of safety, comfort, and visibility were highest for the 5000 K LED luminaires.

中文翻译：

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基于视觉性能和用户感知的经验评估的停车设施照明水平

摘要 为停车设施推荐的光照水平应该得到考虑到所有用户的实证研究的支持。在目前的研究中，行人和司机的视觉表现以及他们对安全性、舒适性和能见度的看法在停车场以及沥青和混凝土路面的停车场在三种光源类型（高压钠灯，3000 K 发光二极管 [LED] 灯具和 5000 K LED 灯具）和多个亮度级别。视觉性能包括面部和手部识别、车轮停止检测、侧向行人检测以及从停车位倒车的车辆检测。通过问卷调查对安全性、舒适性和能见度的看法进行了评估。结果显示，在停车场，超过 10 勒克斯的平均水平路面照度的光照水平增加不会导致视觉性能或安全性、舒适性和能见度的感知在统计上显着增加。对于沥青和混凝土路面的停车场，在 2 勒克斯光照水平下观察到这种稳定状态。对于视觉性能任务，在光源类型之间没有观察到统计差异，但 5000 K LED 灯具的安全性、舒适性和能见度感知最高。