Abstract 3D printing is among the most exciting and rapidly advancing fields of research in materials engineering and device fabrication. The capability of developing a bottom-up approach to device fabrication, which eliminates wasted material and the need for complex environmental conditions, is of incredible interest to researchers. The most critical factor in the success of this technology is the development of suitable materials and inks which facilitate the fabrication of the designed functional geometry. Printing of materials on the macroscale and microscale is ultimately simpler and researchers encounter fewer problems in achieving their intended goals. As the printing technologies lead to the micron and submicron scales, the requirements for printing invariably become increasingly stringent and more difficult to overcome. In the past decade or so researchers have tried to develop suitable inks for the development of nanoscale printing of functional electronic materials, with some or little success. Current 3D deposition approaches are leading to successful nanoscale printing of micron/submicron scale functional and multifunctional materials and devices. In this context, this article provides an overview of currently utilized deposition techniques, along with presentations and analyses of successfully formulated and deposited conductive, dielectric, and magnetic inks by researchers in the field.

中文翻译：

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用于 3D 微加工的功能和多功能材料的现状：概述

摘要 3D 打印是材料工程和设备制造中最令人兴奋和快速发展的研究领域之一。开发一种自下而上的设备制造方法的能力，消除了材料浪费和对复杂环境条件的需求，研究人员非常感兴趣。这项技术成功的最关键因素是开发合适的材料和油墨，以促进设计的功能几何形状的制造。在宏观尺度和微观尺度上打印材料最终更简单，研究人员在实现预期目标时遇到的问题也更少。随着印刷技术发展到微米和亚微米尺度，对印刷的要求总是变得越来越严格，越来越难以克服。在过去十年左右的时间里，研究人员一直试图开发合适的墨水来开发功能性电子材料的纳米级印刷，但取得了一些成功或收效甚微。当前的 3D 沉积方法正在成功实现微米/亚微米级功能和多功能材料和设备的纳米级打印。在此背景下，本文概述了当前使用的沉积技术，以及该领域研究人员对成功配制和沉积的导电、介电和磁性墨水的介绍和分析。当前的 3D 沉积方法正在成功实现微米/亚微米级功能和多功能材料和设备的纳米级打印。在此背景下，本文概述了当前使用的沉积技术，以及该领域研究人员对成功配制和沉积的导电、介电和磁性墨水的介绍和分析。当前的 3D 沉积方法正在成功实现微米/亚微米级功能和多功能材料和设备的纳米级打印。在此背景下，本文概述了当前使用的沉积技术，以及该领域研究人员对成功配制和沉积的导电、介电和磁性墨水的介绍和分析。