The extant literature reveals a growing need to rethink urban sustainability. Sustainable urban development is becoming more important to city strategic planning since sustainability is a critical aspect of environmental protection, social cohesion, and economic growth. However, decisions are currently not always taking into account the need to maintain sustainability because either decision makers do not fully understand the decision problems at hand or they do not focus on finding realistic, contextualized solutions. In addition, most existing models of urban sustainability assessment are static. Therefore, new urban sustainability assessment systems based on landsenses ecology are needed, which should combine natural elements, physical senses, and psychological perceptions, and assist decision makers develop successful management policies. Using fuzzy cognitive mapping and system dynamics, this study sought to develop a fresh, holistic perspective on urban sustainability. Based on the knowledge and experience of a panel of experts in urban development, some of the most significant determinants of urban sustainability were identified, namely: sustainable construction; urban planning and/or design; health; economy; culture, citizenship, and education; environmental quality; public policies and governance; and mobility and/or accessibility. The results obtained were validated both by the panel members and the director of the Department of Urban Planning of the Lisbon City Council, Portugal. The advantages and limitations of our approach are also discussed, as well as recommendations for future research.

现有文献表明，重新思考城市可持续性的需求日益增长。由于可持续发展是环境保护，社会凝聚力和经济增长的关键方面，因此可持续城市发展对于城市战略规划变得越来越重要。但是，决策当前并不总是考虑保持可持续性的必要性，因为决策者不能完全理解眼前的决策问题，或者他们不专注于寻找现实的，情境化的解决方案。此外，大多数现有的城市可持续性评估模型都是静态的。因此，需要基于景观生态的新型城市可持续性评估系统，该系统应结合自然要素，身体感觉和心理感知，并协助决策者制定成功的管理政策。这项研究使用模糊的认知映射和系统动力学，试图对城市可持续性发展出全新的整体视角。根据城市发展专家小组的知识和经验，确定了一些城市可持续发展的最重要决定因素，即： 可持续建设; 城市规划和/或设计; 健康; 经济; 文化，公民权和教育；环境质量; 公共政策与治理; 以及流动性和/或可及性。小组成员和葡萄牙里斯本市议会城市规划部主任均对所获得的结果进行了验证。还讨论了我们方法的优点和局限性，以及对未来研究的建议。