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A critical review on the potential impacts of neonicotinoid insecticide use: current knowledge of environmental fate, toxicity, and implications for human health.
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1039/c9em00586b Darrin A Thompson 1 , Hans-Joachim Lehmler 2 , Dana W Kolpin 3 , Michelle L Hladik 4 , John D Vargo 5 , Keith E Schilling 6 , Gregory H LeFevre 7 , Tonya L Peeples 8 , Matthew C Poch 2 , Lauren E LaDuca 2 , David M Cwiertny 9 , R William Field 2
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1039/c9em00586b Darrin A Thompson 1 , Hans-Joachim Lehmler 2 , Dana W Kolpin 3 , Michelle L Hladik 4 , John D Vargo 5 , Keith E Schilling 6 , Gregory H LeFevre 7 , Tonya L Peeples 8 , Matthew C Poch 2 , Lauren E LaDuca 2 , David M Cwiertny 9 , R William Field 2
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Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used in both urban and agricultural settings around the world. Historically, neonicotinoid insecticides have been viewed as ideal replacements for more toxic compounds, like organophosphates, due in part to their perceived limited potential to affect the environment and human health. This critical review investigates the environmental fate and toxicity of neonicotinoids and their metabolites and the potential risks associated with exposure. Neonicotinoids are found to be ubiquitous in the environment, drinking water, and food, with low-level exposure commonly documented below acceptable daily intake standards. Available toxicological data from animal studies indicate possible genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, impaired immune function, and reduced growth and reproductive success at low concentrations, while limited data from ecological or cross-sectional epidemiological studies have identified acute and chronic health effects ranging from acute respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological symptoms to oxidative genetic damage and birth defects. Due to the heavy use of neonicotinoids and potential for cumulative chronic exposure, these insecticides represent novel risks and necessitate further study to fully understand their risks to humans.
中文翻译：
关于使用新烟碱类杀虫剂的潜在影响的重要评论：有关环境命运，毒性及其对人类健康影响的最新知识。
新烟碱类杀虫剂在世界各地的城市和农业环境中广泛使用。从历史上看，新烟碱类杀虫剂被认为是毒性更强的化合物（如有机磷酸酯）的理想替代品，部分原因是它们被认为影响环境和人类健康的潜力有限。这项重要的评论调查了新烟碱及其代谢产物的环境命运和毒性以及与接触有关的潜在风险。发现新烟碱在环境，饮用水和食物中普遍存在，低水平暴露通常被记录为低于可接受的每日摄入标准。动物研究获得的毒理学数据表明，低浓度时可能存在遗传毒性，细胞毒性，免疫功能受损以及生长和生殖成功降低，而来自生态学或横断面流行病学研究的有限数据已经确定了急性和慢性健康影响，范围从急性呼吸道，心血管和神经系统症状到氧化性遗传损伤和先天缺陷。由于新烟碱类药物的大量使用和潜在的长期累积暴露，这些杀虫剂代表着新的风险，需要进一步研究以充分了解其对人类的危害。
更新日期：2020-03-19
中文翻译：
关于使用新烟碱类杀虫剂的潜在影响的重要评论：有关环境命运，毒性及其对人类健康影响的最新知识。
新烟碱类杀虫剂在世界各地的城市和农业环境中广泛使用。从历史上看，新烟碱类杀虫剂被认为是毒性更强的化合物（如有机磷酸酯）的理想替代品，部分原因是它们被认为影响环境和人类健康的潜力有限。这项重要的评论调查了新烟碱及其代谢产物的环境命运和毒性以及与接触有关的潜在风险。发现新烟碱在环境，饮用水和食物中普遍存在，低水平暴露通常被记录为低于可接受的每日摄入标准。动物研究获得的毒理学数据表明，低浓度时可能存在遗传毒性，细胞毒性，免疫功能受损以及生长和生殖成功降低，而来自生态学或横断面流行病学研究的有限数据已经确定了急性和慢性健康影响，范围从急性呼吸道，心血管和神经系统症状到氧化性遗传损伤和先天缺陷。由于新烟碱类药物的大量使用和潜在的长期累积暴露，这些杀虫剂代表着新的风险，需要进一步研究以充分了解其对人类的危害。
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