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The function and clinical application of extracellular vesicles in innate immune regulation.
Cellular & Molecular Immunology ( IF 21.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0391-1
Xiaoxue Zhou 1, 2 , Feng Xie 1 , Lin Wang 1 , Long Zhang 2 , Suping Zhang 3 , Meiyu Fang 2 , Fangfang Zhou 1
Affiliation  

The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the host defense against viral and microbial infection. Exosomes constitute a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be released by almost all cell types. Owing to their capacity to shield the payload from degradation and to evade recognition and subsequent removal by the immune system, exosomes efficiently transport functional components to recipient cells. Accumulating evidence has recently shown that exosomes derived from tumor cells, host cells and even bacteria and parasites mediate the communication between the invader and innate immune cells and thus play an irreplaceable function in the dissemination of pathogens and donor cell-derived molecules, modulating the innate immune responses of the host. In this review, we describe the current understanding of EVs (mainly focusing on exosomes) and summarize and discuss their crucial roles in determining innate immune responses. Additionally, we discuss the potential of using exosomes as biomarkers and cancer vaccines in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

中文翻译:

细胞外囊泡在先天免疫调节中的功能及临床应用。

先天免疫系统在宿主防御病毒和微生物感染中起着至关重要的作用。外泌体构成细胞外囊泡(EVs)的子集,几乎所有类型的细胞均可释放。由于外来体具有保护有效载荷免于降解,逃避识别和随后被免疫系统清除的能力,因此它们有效地将功能性成分转运至受体细胞。最近有越来越多的证据表明,源自肿瘤细胞,宿主细胞甚至细菌和寄生虫的外来体介导了入侵者与先天免疫细胞之间的交流,因此在病原体和供体细胞衍生分子的传播中起着不可替代的作用,调节先天性宿主的免疫反应。在这篇评论中 我们描述了当前对电动汽车的理解(主要侧重于外泌体),并总结和讨论了它们在确定先天免疫反应中的关键作用。此外,我们讨论了在诊断和治疗应用中使用外泌体作为生物标志物和癌症疫苗的潜力。
更新日期:2020-04-24
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