Unexploded ordnance (UXO, also referred to as munitions) are located in nearshore and other underwater environments as a result of military activities. UXO have been found in the surf zone and on populated beaches. This paper describes the development and evaluation of instrumented UXO surrogates for observing munitions migration and burial. Surrogates were designed and fabricated to match mass properties for a variety of common munitions (81-mm Mortar, BLU-61 Cluster Bomb, M151-70 Hydra Rocket, M107 155-mm). Surrogates housed suites of self-logging sensors. Sensor suites that could record up to 7–12 h included various combinations of inertial motion units (IMUs), pressure transducers, shock recorders, and photocells. Instrumented surrogates were then exposed to prototype scale wave conditions over a mobile bed at the Littoral Warfare Environment at the Aberdeen Test Center, Aberdeen, MD, USA. Surrogates were deployed in the swash and breaker zones. IMUs and shock recorders provided congruent acceleration measurements of swash impact. IMUs accurately resolved heading and orientation during periods of low-frequency motion. Photocells resolved surrogate roll consistent with IMU as well as surrogate burial. However, in the breaker zone, the large presence of suspended sediment and surface foam make photocell data more difficult to interpret. Surrogate mobility and forcing conditions measurements can provide data to improve modeling of munitions burial and migration in the nearshore environment.

中文翻译：

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用于近岸未爆弹药机动性/埋葬研究的智能替代弹药

由于军事活动，未爆弹药（UXO，也称为弹药）位于近岸和其他水下环境中。在冲浪区和人口稠密的海滩上发现了 UXO。本文描述了用于观察弹药迁移和掩埋的仪器化 UXO 替代品的开发和评估。替代品的设计和制造与各种常见弹药（81 毫米迫击炮、BLU-61 集束炸弹、M151-70 九头蛇火箭、M107 155 毫米）的质量特性相匹配。代理装有自记录传感器套件。可以记录长达 7-12 小时的传感器套件包括惯性运动单元 (IMU)、压力传感器、震动记录器和光电管的各种组合。然后，在美国马里兰州阿伯丁阿伯丁测试中心的濒海作战环境中的移动床上，将仪器化的替代品暴露于原型规模的波浪条件下。代理人被部署在斜盘区和破碎机区。IMU 和震动记录器提供了一致的斜盘冲击加速度测量值。IMU 在低频运动期间准确解析航向和方向。光电管解决了与 IMU 以及替代埋葬一致的替代滚动。然而，在破碎带中，大量悬浮沉积物和表面泡沫的存在使得光电池数据更难以解释。替代机动性和强迫条件测量可以提供数据，以改进近岸环境中弹药掩埋和迁移的建模。代理人被部署在斜盘区和破碎机区。IMU 和震动记录器提供了一致的斜盘冲击加速度测量值。IMU 在低频运动期间准确解析航向和方向。光电管解决了与 IMU 以及替代埋葬一致的替代滚动。然而，在破碎带中，大量悬浮沉积物和表面泡沫的存在使得光电池数据更难以解释。替代机动性和强迫条件测量可以提供数据，以改进近岸环境中弹药掩埋和迁移的建模。代理人被部署在斜盘区和破碎机区。IMU 和震动记录器提供了一致的斜盘冲击加速度测量值。IMU 在低频运动期间准确解析航向和方向。光电管解决了与 IMU 以及替代埋葬一致的替代滚动。然而，在破碎带中，大量悬浮沉积物和表面泡沫的存在使得光电池数据更难以解释。替代机动性和强迫条件测量可以提供数据，以改进近岸环境中弹药掩埋和迁移的建模。光电管解决了与 IMU 以及替代埋葬一致的替代滚动。然而，在破碎带中，大量悬浮沉积物和表面泡沫的存在使得光电池数据更难以解释。替代机动性和强迫条件测量可以提供数据，以改进近岸环境中弹药掩埋和迁移的建模。光电管解决了与 IMU 以及替代埋葬一致的替代滚动。然而，在破碎带中，大量悬浮沉积物和表面泡沫的存在使得光电池数据更难以解释。替代机动性和强迫条件测量可以提供数据，以改进近岸环境中弹药掩埋和迁移的建模。