This paper presents a linear-mode light detection and ranging (LiDAR) analog front-end architecture with multiplex analog-to-digital converter/time-to-digital converter (ADC/TDC). An added voltage-to-time converter (VTC) and a reused TDC are simultaneously used to implement the ADC and TDC function, thus replacing discrete ADC and TDC, saving hardware cost and reducing power consumption. A three-stage inverter-based transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with ultra-low-power, low-noise and high/low gain mode (long/short range mode) is proposed to reduce its influence to optical signal-to-noise ratios (OSNR). The prototype TIA and ADC/TDC is fabricated in the 65-nm CMOS technology and integrated into the single-line APD-based LiDAR system. The receiver front-end of TIA and ADC/TDC only consumes 12.44-mW. The minimum detection current of the receiver front-end is less than 238 nA with bandwidth of 150MHz for long-range and weak-light detection. LiDAR achieves a measurement range of 60 m with a 70-klx direct sunlight and only 6.16 mW average laser power. Experimental results show that this architecture is suitable for low-cost multi-line integrated LiDAR applications compared to conventional architecture using ADC, TDC, ADC+TDC architecture.

中文翻译：

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60-m 范围 6.16-mW 激光功率线性模式 LiDAR 系统，在 65-nm CMOS 中具有多路复用 ADC/TDC

本文介绍了一种具有多路模数转换器/时间到数字转换器 (ADC/TDC) 的线性模式光检测和测距 (LiDAR) 模拟前端架构。增加的电压时间转换器（VTC）和复用的TDC同时实现ADC和TDC功能，从而替代分立的ADC和TDC，节省硬件成本，降低功耗。提出了一种具有超低功耗、低噪声和高/低增益模式（长/短距离模式）的三级逆变器跨阻放大器（TIA），以减少其对光信噪比的影响。 OSNR）。原型 TIA 和 ADC/TDC 采用 65-nm CMOS 技术制造，并集成到基于单线 APD 的 LiDAR 系统中。TIA 和 ADC/TDC 的接收器前端仅消耗 12.44-mW。接收前端的最小检测电流小于238 nA，带宽为150MHz，用于远距离和弱光检测。LiDAR 在 70-klx 直射阳光下实现 60 m 的测量范围，平均激光功率仅为 6.16 mW。实验结果表明，与使用ADC、TDC、ADC+TDC架构的传统架构相比，该架构适用于低成本的多线集成LiDAR应用。