Dependability and performance analysis of modern systems is facing great challenges: their scale is growing, they are becoming massively distributed, interconnected, and evolving. Such complexity makes model-based assessment a difficult and time-consuming task. For the evaluation of large systems, reusable submodels are typically adopted as an effective way to address the complexity and to improve the maintainability of models. When using state-based models, a common approach is to define libraries of generic submodels, and then compose concrete instances by state sharing, following predefined “patterns” that depend on the class of systems being modeled. However, such composition patterns are rarely formalized, or not even documented at all. In this paper, we address this problem using a model-driven approach, which combines a language to specify reusable submodels and composition patterns, and an automated composition algorithm. Clearly defining libraries of reusable submodels, together with patterns for their composition, allows complex models to be automatically assembled, based on a high-level description of the scenario to be evaluated. This paper provides a solution to this problem focusing on: formally defining the concept of model templates, defining a specification language for model templates, defining an automated instantiation and composition algorithm, and applying the approach to a case study of a large-scale distributed system.

中文翻译：

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用于性能模型规范和自动组合的基于模板的方法

现代系统的可靠性和性能分析正面临着巨大的挑战：它们的规模正在增长，它们正在变得大规模分布、互连和发展。这种复杂性使得基于模型的评估成为一项困难且耗时的任务。对于大型系统的评估，通常采用可重用的子模型作为解决模型复杂性和提高模型可维护性的有效方法。当使用基于状态的模型时，一种常见的方法是定义通用子模型库，然后通过状态共享组合具体实例，遵循依赖于被建模系统类别的预定义“模式”。然而，这种组合模式很少被正式化，甚至根本没有记录。在本文中，我们使用模型驱动的方法来解决这个问题，它结合了一种语言来指定可重用的子模型和组合模式，以及一种自动组合算法。明确定义可重用子模型库及其组合模式，可以根据要评估的场景的高级描述自动组装复杂模型。本文针对这个问题提供了一个解决方案，重点是：正式定义模型模板的概念，定义模型模板的规范语言，定义自动实例化和组合算法，并将该方法应用于大规模分布式系统的案例研究. 允许根据要评估的场景的高级描述自动组装复杂模型。本文针对这个问题提供了一个解决方案，重点是：正式定义模型模板的概念，定义模型模板的规范语言，定义自动实例化和组合算法，并将该方法应用于大规模分布式系统的案例研究. 允许根据要评估的场景的高级描述自动组装复杂模型。本文针对这个问题提供了一个解决方案，重点是：正式定义模型模板的概念，定义模型模板的规范语言，定义自动实例化和组合算法，并将该方法应用于大规模分布式系统的案例研究.