There is a reduction in the percentage penetration of synchronous machines within the Great Britain (GB) power system leading to a decrease in inertia and an increase in the system rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) resulting from power imbalances. This raises the challenge of containing frequency deviations to within the relevant operational limits. As a result, steps need to be taken by the system operator to manage the risk to system security. In order to better understand this risk, this article presents the challenge in light of the changing energy landscape and the current and future frequency response services available to contain frequency deviations. Although the current GB frequency response services may be capable of containing most events within frequency limits, in low-inertia scenarios, these responses alone are not capable of containing excursions within practical RoCoF limits. Consequently, further action must be taken to ensure system security. The system operator currently employs an interim solution of limiting the largest loss risk, depending on system inertia and the RoCoF limit. While this is suitable in the short term, it is unlikely that this option will be cost-effective in the future.

中文翻译：

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在低惯量 GB 电力系统中将可信损耗控制在频率稳定范围内

同步电机在英国 (GB) 电力系统中的渗透率有所下降，从而导致惯性的减少和因功率不平衡而导致的系统频率变化率 (RoCoF) 的增加。这提出了将频率偏差控制在相关操作限制内的挑战。因此，系统运营商需要采取措施来管理系统安全风险。为了更好地理解这种风险，本文根据不断变化的能源格局以及当前和未来可用于控制频率偏差的频率响应服务提出了挑战。尽管当前的 GB 频率响应服务可能能够包含频率限制内的大多数事件，但在低惯量情况下，仅这些响应无法包含实际 RoCoF 限制内的偏移。因此，必须采取进一步措施以确保系统安全。系统运营商目前采用临时解决方案来限制最大损失风险，具体取决于系统惯性和 RoCoF 限制。虽然这在短期内是合适的，但这种选择在未来不太可能具有成本效益。