We consider a point to point large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system operating in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band and an outdoor scenario. Novel transmit and receive spatial modulation (SM) schemes are proposed for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) data transmission phases based on a novel energy efficient hybrid user terminal architecture. The analog circuitry of the proposed hybrid architecture is divided into two stages: phase shifters and analog switches. The phase shifting stage assures high gain and overcomes the severe path-loss caused by outdoor mmWave propagation. The analog switching stage smartly allocates the antennas to be used at the phase shifting stage and combats the spatial correlation. We provide the analysis of the spectral efficiency $({{SE}})$ of the UL and DL systems. Next, we propose a reduced complexity algorithm that jointly optimizes the analog beamformer and combiner design of the UL and DL circuitry to maximize the energy efficiency $({{EE}})$ . Finally, we compare and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of the ${{SE}}$ and ${{EE}}$ assuming both stochastic and realistic channel models.

中文翻译：

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大规模 MIMO 系统的高能效发射-接收混合空间调制

我们考虑在毫米波 (mmWave) 频段和室外场景中运行的点对点大规模多输入多输出 (MIMO) 系统。基于新型节能混合用户终端架构，针对上行链路 (UL) 和下行链路 (DL) 数据传输阶段提出了新型发射和接收空间调制 (SM) 方案。所提出的混合架构的模拟电路分为两个阶段：移相器和模拟开关。相移级可确保高增益并克服室外毫米波传播引起的严重路径损耗。模拟切换阶段巧妙地分配要在相移阶段使用的天线并对抗空间相关性。我们提供频谱效率分析 $({{SE}})$ UL 和 DL 系统。接下来，我们提出了一种降低复杂度的算法，该算法联合优化了 UL 和 DL 电路的模拟波束形成器和组合器设计，以最大限度地提高能效 $({{EE}})$ . 最后，我们比较和评估了所提出算法的性能 ${{SE}}$ 和 ${{EE}}$ 假设随机和现实的渠道模型。