High-order soliton in anomalous-dispersion ultrafast fiber lasers is rarely researched due to its intrinsic instability in dissipative systems. For the first time, we numerically demonstrate the ultrafast pulse in fiber lasers will deviate from the fundamental soliton under strong pulse energy before splitting into multiple pulses. High-order soliton effect results in the single-pulse splitting into the dual-pulse. Sustaining switching between the single- and dual-pulse induced by the high-order soliton evolution and cross-gain-modulation was observed and analyzed. The results offer significant and novel insights for the soliton shaping dynamics and instability in anomalous-dispersion fiber lasers.

中文翻译：

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孤子光纤激光器从单脉冲过渡到多脉冲的混沌状态

反常色散超快光纤激光器中的高阶孤子由于其在耗散系统中的内在不稳定性而很少被研究。我们首次在数值上证明了光纤激光器中的超快脉冲在强脉冲能量下会偏离基本孤子，然后分裂成多个脉冲。高阶孤子效应导致单脉冲分裂成双脉冲。观察和分析了由高阶孤子演化和交叉增益调制引起的单脉冲和双脉冲之间的持续切换。结果为异常色散光纤激光器中的孤子成形动力学和不稳定性提供了重要而新颖的见解。