High speed wireless communications are highly desirable for many industrial and scientific underwater applications. Acoustic communications suffer from high latency and limited data rates, while Radio Frequency communications are severely limited by attenuation in seawater. Optical communications are a promising alternative, offering high transmission rates (up to Gb/s), while water has relatively low attenuation at visible wavelengths. Here we demonstrate the use of series-connected micro-light-emitting-diode (μLED) arrays consisting of 6 μLED pixels either 60 μm or 80 μm in diameter and operating at 450 nm. These devices increase the output power whilst maintaining relatively high modulation bandwidth. Using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) we demonstrate underwater wireless data transmission at rates of up to 4.92 Gb/s, 3.22 Gb/s and 3.4 Gb/s over 1.5 m, 3 m and 4.5 m, respectively, with corresponding bit error ratios (BERs) of 1.5 × 10−3, 1.1 × 10−3 and 3.1 × 10−3, through clear tap water, and Mb/s rates through >5 attenuation lengths (ALs) in turbid waters.

中文翻译：

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使用串联 GaN micro-LED 阵列的 Gb/s 水下无线光通信

许多工业和科学水下应用非常需要高速无线通信。声学通信受到高延迟和有限数据速率的影响，而无线电频率通信受到海水衰减的严重限制。光通信是一种很有前景的替代方案，可提供高传输速率（高达 Gb/s），而水在可见光波长下的衰减相对较低。在这里，我们展示了串联微型发光二极管 (μLED) 阵列的使用，该阵列由 6 个直径为 60 μm 或 80 μm 并在 450 nm 下运行的 μLED 像素组成。这些设备增加了输出功率，同时保持了相对较高的调制带宽。我们使用正交频分复用 (OFDM) 演示了速率高达 4.92 Gb/s 的水下无线数据传输，3。