Since the well-established navigation systems such as GPS are ineffective in indoor environments, research into developing novel indoor positioning technologies has emerged in recent years. While several technologies are being investigated, a practical and reliable indoor positioning system is yet to emerge. Indoor positioning using light signals holds a great potential to provide a reliable solution to the indoor positioning problem. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the available literature on light-based indoor positioning systems. The paper establishes a classification based on the design of various light-based indoor positioning (LIP) systems, and discusses their key components including hardware, software and algorithms. The limitations and challenges of the LIP systems are discussed in details, and current published solutions are presented. The review also provides a comparison between LIP systems and other optical positioning systems, and identifies the associated research gaps. Finally, based on the identified gaps, the future research directions in both LIP systems and other optical positioning systems are presented.

中文翻译：

---

基于光的室内定位系统：回顾

由于 GPS 等完善的导航系统在室内环境中无效，因此近年来出现了开发新型室内定位技术的研究。尽管正在研究多种技术，但尚未出现实用且可靠的室内定位系统。使用光信号进行室内定位具有为室内定位问题提供可靠解决方案的巨大潜力。本文全面回顾了有关基于光的室内定位系统的现有文献。本文根据各种基于光的室内定位（LIP）系统的设计建立了分类，并讨论了它们的关键组成部分，包括硬件、软件和算法。详细讨论了 LIP 系统的局限性和挑战，并介绍了当前已发布的解决方案。该评论还提供了 LIP 系统与其他光学定位系统之间的比较，并确定了相关的研究差距。最后，基于发现的差距，提出了 LIP 系统和其他光学定位系统的未来研究方向。