The work reported in this paper aims at developing a simple one sensor based system to achieve condition monitoring of NFR (Northeast Frontier Railway, India) trains. Vibration of a railway track under train in motion provides important information about the train.To capture the vibration of a track under train in motion, vibration sensor ADXL335 is selected, as it is a reliable vibration sensor. Moreover ADXL335 shows insignificant effect of temperature on its measurements.Therefore it is considered to be suitable for measurement of vibration of a railway track under train in motion, because the temperature experienced by the sensor would vary during the train in motion as well as due to change in weather condition. To capture and store vibration data, an embedded system has been developed using Arduino Uno board. ADXL335 sensor is interfaced to the Arduino Uno board and software has been developed to capture 3D vibration of a railway track under train in motion. The captured data is transferred and stored in a laptop which is interfaced to the Arduino Uno board through USB port.The vibration data stored in the laptop is utilized to analyse the condition of the train using signal processing techniques. Time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of the vibration signals captured by ADXL335 installed in a railway track have been carried out to determine the condition of a train in motion. It has been observed that the time-domain analysis can provide information about slip and derailment tendency of a train, whereas frequency domain analysis can provide condition of different components of a train.

中文翻译：

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通过单个路边 3D 振动传感器的测量对 NFR 列车进行状态监测

本文报告的工作旨在开发一种简单的基于传感器的系统，以实现 NFR（印度东北边境铁路）列车的状态监测。行驶中的火车轨道的振动提供了有关列车的重要信息。为了捕捉行驶中的火车轨道的振动，选择了振动传感器 ADXL335，因为它是一种可靠的振动传感器。此外，ADXL335 显示出温度对其测量的影响微不足道。因此，它被认为适用于测量列车行驶中的铁路轨道的振动，因为传感器在列车行驶过程中所经历的温度会发生变化以及由于天气状况的变化。为了捕获和存储振动数据，使用 Arduino Uno 板开发了一个嵌入式系统。ADXL335 传感器连接到 Arduino Uno 板，并且已经开发出软件来捕捉运动中火车轨道的 3D 振动。捕获的数据传输并存储在笔记本电脑中，笔记本电脑通过 USB 端口连接到 Arduino Uno 板。笔记本电脑中存储的振动数据用于使用信号处理技术分析火车的状况。已对安装在铁路轨道上的 ADXL335 捕获的振动信号进行时域和频域分析，以确定列车的运动状况。已经观察到，时域分析可以提供有关列车打滑和脱轨趋势的信息，而频域分析可以提供列车不同部件的状况。