Much of the previous research on modeling and simulation of cycling has focused on seated pedaling, modeling the crank load with an effective resistive torque and inertia. This study focuses on modeling standing starts, a component of certain track cycling events in which the cyclist starts from rest and attempts to accelerate to top speed as quickly as possible. A ten degree-of-freedom, two-legged cyclist and bicycle model was developed and utilized for predictive dynamic simulations of standing starts. Experimental data including crank torque, cadence, and joint kinematics were collected for a member of the Canadian Olympic team performing standing starts on the track. Using direct collocation optimal control to maximize the simulated distance traveled, the predictive simulations aligned well with the experiments and replicated key aspects of the standing start technique such as the drive and reset. The model’s use in “What if?” scenarios presents interesting possibilities for investigating optimal techniques and equipment in cycling.

中文翻译：

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直接搭配最优控制的奥运田径自行车起步预测动态模拟

先前有关骑行建模和仿真的许多研究都集中在坐式踏板上，以有效的抵抗扭矩和惯性对曲轴负载进行建模。这项研究侧重于对站立起步进行建模，这是某些田径骑行比赛的组成部分，骑车人从静止起步，并试图尽快加速到最高速度。开发了十自由度，两足自行车和自行车模型，并将其用于站立起步的预测动态模拟。收集了包括曲柄扭矩，踏频和关节运动学在内的实验数据，这些数据来自加拿大奥林匹克队在跑道上进行站立起跑的成员。使用直接搭配的最佳控制来最大化模拟的行进距离，预测性仿真与实验非常吻合，并复制了常规启动技术的关键方面，例如驱动和重置。该模型在“如果呢？”中的用法 这些场景为研究自行车最佳技术和设备提供了有趣的可能性。