The catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolytic conversion kinetics of palm kernel shell (PKS) with untreated (as received) and H₂SO₄-treated coal bottom ash as catalyst were investigated in this study. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and distributed activation energy model (DAEM) isoconversional kinetic models were exploited to evaluate the kinetic parameters. The study was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis at 10, 20, 30, and 50 °C/min heating rates. The activation energy (E_a) and pre-exponential factor (A) for non-catalytic PKS decomposition for DAEM ranged from 74.39 to 217.05 kJ/mol and 4.77E+01 to 1.99E+14 s⁻¹ at different conversions while for the untreated ash, the ranges were 103.84–402.53 kJ/mol and 7.35E+03–1.04E+29 s⁻¹. In the decomposition with treated ash, E_a and A were 81.79–191.07 kJ/mol and 1.61E+02–1.20E+12 s⁻¹ for 7 wt% ash and 74.41–137.35 kJ/mol and 4.91E+03–4.53E+08 s⁻¹. Values of E_a and A obtained for FWO followed the same pattern and are in close agreement with that obtained using DAEM. The use of 10 wt% acid-treated ash reduced the activation energy compared with the non-catalytic process by about 33.05% while the untreated ash increased the activation energy. The kinetic parameters were determined satisfactorily using the first-order reaction mechanism.

中文翻译：

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酸处理煤灰的棕榈仁壳催化和非催化热解热重动力学

研究了未经处理（原样）和H ₂ SO ₄处理的煤灰作为催化剂的棕榈仁壳（PKS）的催化和非催化热解动力学。利用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa（FWO）和分布式活化能模型（DAEM）等转化动力学模型来评估动力学参数。使用热重分析以10、20、30和50°C / min的加热速率进行研究。DAEM的非催化性PKS分解的活化能（E _a）和指数前因子（A）在74.39至217.05 kJ / mol和4.77E + 01至1.99E + 14 s ^-1之间，而在不同转化率下未经处理的灰分，范围为103.84–402.53 kJ / mol和7.35E + 03–1.04E + 29 s^-1。在处理灰分的分解中，对于7 wt％的灰分，E _a和A为81.79–191.07 kJ / mol和1.61E + 02–1.20E + 12 s ^-1和74.41–137.35 kJ / mol和4.91E + 03–4.53 E + 08 s ^-1。FWO的E _a和A值遵循相同的模式，并且与使用DAEM获得的值非常一致。与非催化方法相比，使用10 wt％酸处理的灰分可降低活化能约33.05％，而未处理的灰分可提高活化能。使用一级反应机理令人满意地确定了动力学参数。