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Correcting GPS measurements for non-tidal loading
GPS Solutions ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s10291-020-0959-3
Anthony Mémin , Jean-Paul Boy , Alvaro Santamaría-Gómez

Non-tidal loading (NTL) deforms the earth’s surface, adding variability to the coordinates of geodetic sites. Yet, according to the IERS Conventions, there are no recommended surface-mass change models to account for NTL deformation in geodetic position time series. We investigate the NTL signal recorded at 585 GPS stations at different frequency bands, from day to years, by comparing GPS estimated displacements to modeled environmental loading. We used up-to-date and high-resolution (both temporal and spatial) models to account for NTL induced by mass changes in the atmosphere, oceans, and continental hydrology. Vertical land motions variability is reduced on average by up to 20% when correcting the series for non-tidal atmospheric and oceanic loading, employing either barotropic or baroclinic ocean models. We then focus on characterizing the ocean response to air-pressure variations, and we observe that there are no significant differences at seasonal timescales between a barotropic ocean model forced by air pressure and winds and a more classical baroclinic ocean model forced by wind, heat and freshwater fluxes. However, any of these choices further reduces the variability by 5% compared to the classical static inverted barometer ocean response. The variability of the vertical coordinate changes is further reduced by an additional 5% by also correcting for continental hydrology loading, especially at seasonal periods. For horizontal coordinate changes, the variability is reduced by less than 5% after correcting for all studied surface-mass changes.

中文翻译:

校正非潮汐载荷的GPS测量

非潮汐载荷(NTL)使地球表面变形,从而增加了大地测量站点的坐标的可变性。但是,根据IERS公约,尚无建议的表面质量变化模型来考虑大地位置时间序列中的NTL变形。我们通过比较GPS估算的位移与模型化的环境负荷,调查了从几天到几年在不同频段的585个GPS站记录的NTL信号。我们使用最新的高分辨率(时间和空间)模型来解释由大气,海洋和大陆水文质量变化引起的NTL。使用正压或斜压海洋模型校正非潮汐大气和海洋载荷序列时,垂直地面运动的变异性平均可降低多达20%。然后,我们专注于表征海洋对气压变化的响应,并且我们发现,在季节时间尺度上,由气压和风强迫的正压海洋模型与由风,热和压力强迫的更为经典的斜压海洋模型之间没有显着差异。淡水通量。但是,与经典的静态倒置气压计海洋响应相比,这些选择中的任何一个都将可变性进一步降低了5%。通过校正大陆水文负荷,​​尤其是在季节性期间,垂直坐标变化的可变性进一步降低了5%。对于水平坐标变化,在对所有研究的表面质量变化进行校正后,变异性减少了不到5%。并且我们观察到,在气压和风强迫的正压海洋模型与风,热和淡水通量强迫的更为经典的斜压海洋模型之间,在季节时标上没有显着差异。但是,与经典的静态倒置气压计海洋响应相比,这些选择中的任何一个都将可变性进一步降低了5%。通过校正大陆水文负荷,​​尤其是在季节性期间,垂直坐标变化的可变性进一步降低了5%。对于水平坐标变化,在对所有研究的表面质量变化进行校正后,变异性减小不到5%。我们观察到,在气压和风强迫的正压海洋模型与风,热和淡水通量强迫的更为经典的斜压海洋模型之间,在季节时标上没有显着差异。但是,与经典的静态倒置气压计海洋响应相比,这些选择中的任何一个都将可变性进一步降低了5%。通过校正大陆水文负荷,​​尤其是在季节性期间,垂直坐标变化的可变性进一步降低了5%。对于水平坐标变化,在对所有研究的表面质量变化进行校正后,变异性减少了不到5%。与经典的静态倒置气压计海洋响应相比,这些选择中的任何一个都将可变性进一步降低了5%。通过校正大陆水文负荷,​​尤其是在季节性期间,垂直坐标变化的可变性进一步降低了5%。对于水平坐标变化,在对所有研究的表面质量变化进行校正后,变异性降低不到5%。与经典的静态倒置气压计海洋响应相比,这些选择中的任何一个都将可变性降低了5%。通过校正大陆水文负荷,​​尤其是在季节性期间,垂直坐标变化的可变性进一步降低了5%。对于水平坐标变化,在对所有研究的表面质量变化进行校正后,变异性减少了不到5%。
更新日期:2020-02-14
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