Cavitation erosion on sedimentary rocks by addition of abrasive nanoparticles was evaluated through ultrasonic cavitation experiments. Two kinds of typical sedimentary rocks, sandstone and organic-rich shale, were eroded by pure water cavitation and nanoparticle cavitation, respectively. Aluminum alloy was employed as a blank control group for contrast. The erosion rates, microstructure changes, and surface roughness before and after treatments were obtained to understand the erosion mechanisms. The results demonstrate that abrasive nanoparticle is capable of enhancing erosion and creating volume fragmentation on sedimentary rocks. In detail, the erosion rate on rock materials reaches ten times that on aluminum alloy. Mass loss of rock materials of the early stage is much severe compared to the erosion of the later stage. Brittle failure mode always dominates the rock failure that creates the volume fragmentation behavior. Enhanced cavitation intensity and high-speed abrasive impacts are the two main mechanisms to explain the enhanced erosion phenomenon. This work supports that cavitation abrasive waterjet with nanoparticles is a potential novel drilling and fracturing technology.

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通过在超声空化中添加磨料纳米颗粒来增强对沉积岩的侵蚀

通过超声空化实验评估了通过添加磨料纳米颗粒对沉积岩的空化侵蚀。纯水空化和纳米粒子空化分别侵蚀了两种典型的沉积岩，即砂岩和富含有机质的页岩。为了对比，将铝合金用作空白对照组。获得腐蚀速率，微观结构变化和处理前后的表面粗糙度，以了解腐蚀机理。结果表明，磨料纳米颗粒能够增强侵蚀并在沉积岩石上产生体积破碎。详细地说，岩石材料的腐蚀速率达到铝合金的十倍。与后期侵蚀相比，早期岩石材料的质量损失要严重得多。脆性破坏模式始终主导着导致体积破碎行为的岩石破坏。增强的气蚀强度和高速的磨料冲击是解释增强的腐蚀现象的两个主要机理。这项工作支持具有纳米颗粒的空化磨料水射流是一种潜在的新型钻井和压裂技术。