Abstract

Electrolytic production, which is one of the most power-consuming and environmentally dangerous technologies, occupies a special place in nonferrous metallurgy. For example, aluminum production by the electrolysis of cryolite–alumina melts is accompanied by atmospheric emissions of fluorine-containing substances, sulfur-containing substances, and hydrocarbons, while magnesium production is accompanied by emissions of chlorine and organochlorine compounds. As of now, any proposals in the field of production of metals such as aluminum and magnesium directed at improving the environmental situation near metallurgical enterprises should be considered urgent. Despite the fact that the improvement of occurring production technologies of aluminum and magnesium has favorable developmental tendencies and actual possibilities for incorporation at operating enterprises, there are ideas and proposals on the development of new technologies based on scientific achievements in the field of the electrolytic production of light metals. Magnesium and aluminum were used as the objects of investigation. The interaction of metals with aqueous solutions of their salts—chlorides and sulfates such as MgSO₄, MgCl₂, Al₂(SO₄)₃, and AlCl₃—is considered. It is shown that such interactions always proceed in a diffusion region, which opens up possibilities of using various design solutions when selecting the hardware implementation of the process. The reaction order with respect to the solvent, rate constants, and activation energies are found based on the experimental data. The results prove the preference of applying the chloride media that provide the process behavior based on basic electrode reactions and excluding the appearance of side interactions. It is shown that chloride solutions can serve operating electrolytes and be carriers of ions of recovered metal. Herewith, the electrolyte saturation is the guarantee of the impossibility of the reversible process—the secondary dissolution of metal, which lowers the main characteristics of electrolysis of the cryolite–alumina melts.

中文翻译：

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动力学评估从盐水溶液中回收铝和镁作为熔体电解的替代方法

摘要

电解生产是最耗电和对环境有害的技术之一，在有色冶金中占有特殊的位置。例如，冰晶石-氧化铝熔体电解产生的铝伴随着大气中的含氟物质，含硫物质和碳氢化合物的排放，而镁的生产则伴随着氯和有机氯化合物的排放。到目前为止，在铝和镁等金属生产领域中任何旨在改善冶金企业附近环境状况的建议都应视为紧迫的。尽管对铝和镁生产技术的改进具有良好的发展趋势和在运营企业中合并的实际可能性，但基于电解铝电解生产领域的科学成就，还是有一些关于开发新技术的想法和建议。轻金属。镁和铝被用作研究对象。金属与它们的盐水溶液（氯化物和硫酸盐，例如MgSO 4）的相互作用₄，MgCl ₂，Al ₂（SO ₄）₃和AlCl ₃-被认为。结果表明，此类交互总是在扩散区域中进行，这在选择过程的硬件实现时开辟了使用各种设计解决方案的可能性。根据实验数据找到关于溶剂的反应顺序，速率常数和活化能。结果证明，优选使用基于基本电极反应并排除副反应出现的提供过程行为的氯化物介质。结果表明，氯化物溶液可以用作工作电解质，并且是回收金属离子的载体。因此，电解质饱和是不可逆过程的保证-金属的二次溶解，这降低了冰晶石－氧化铝熔体的电解主要特性。