Powders of the KhN60M alloy (EP367, 06Kh15N60M1) are investigated. An overview of manufacturing methods of products of the KhN60M alloy is presented with the analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. It is shown that, when compared with the casting technology and hot pressing of powders of high-alloyed special steels and alloys, additive technologies enable fabricating complexly shaped products with a high level of physicomechanical properties and material utilization factor. The low casting properties of the alloy under study are the reason for the research into atomization to meet the requirements for size, shape, morphology, and fluidity of powders for additive technologies. The goal of this work is to study the influence of the argon pressure during gas atomization on the physical, chemical, and process properties of powders for laser surfacing formed from the KhN60M alloy. The gas atomization technology of the liquid melt by argon using a VIGA 2B laboratory atomizer was used to fabricate the metallic powder of the KhN60M brand at 1560°C and varying the atomizing gas pressure in a range of 22–25 mbar. To select the atomization parameters, the values of the melt viscosity are calculated using the ProCast system for the computer simulation of casting processes by the finite element method and the temperature dependence of viscosity is constructed. The shape and size of the particles and their granulometric composition are studied using laser sedimentation and electron and optical microscopy. The quantitative metallography data are processed using the VideoTest 4 software. The fluidity of powders is measured. It is established that the fraction of spherical particles increases and fluidity of powders improves with an increase in the atomizing gas pressure; the Feret diameter, average particle size, and d₅₀ values vary insignificantly. An experimental dependence of an increase in the yield of the target fraction powder (40–60 μm) with a decrease in the atomizing gas supply is found. The inversely proportional dependence of the fraction of spherical particles on the desired cut fraction is established. The results of the study make it possible to predict the output parameters of powders when atomizing KhN60M steel. Characteristics of powders of the fraction –80 + 40 μm with a shape factor of 0.99 and fluidity of 14–15 g/s make it possible to use them for manufacturing products using additive technologies.

中文翻译：

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KhN60M合金的气体雾化参数对激光堆焊粉末特性的影响

研究了KhN60M合金粉末（EP367，06Kh15N60M1）。概述了KhN60M合金产品的制造方法，并分析了它们的优缺点。结果表明，与高合金特种钢和合金粉末的铸造技术和粉末热压工艺相比，添加剂技术可以制造出具有高物理机械性能和材料利用率的复杂形状的产品。所研究合金的低铸造性能是进行雾化研究的原因，以满足对添加剂技术粉末的尺寸，形状，形态和流动性的要求。这项工作的目的是研究气体雾化过程中氩气压力对物理，化学，KhN60M合金制成的用于激光堆焊的粉末的性能和工艺性能。使用VIGA 2B实验室雾化器通过氩气对液体熔体进行气体雾化技术，以在1560°C的温度下制造KhN60M品牌的金属粉末，并在22-25 mbar的范围内改变雾化气体压力。为了选择雾化参数，使用ProCast系统计算熔体粘度值，通过有限元方法对铸造过程进行计算机模拟，并建立粘度的温度依赖性。使用激光沉积以及电子和光学显微镜研究了颗粒的形状和大小及其粒度组成。定量金相数据使用VideoTest 4软件处理。测量粉末的流动性。可以确定的是，随着雾化气体压力的增加，球形颗粒的比例增加，粉末的流动性提高。费雷特直径，平均粒径和d _50个值的变化很小。实验发现目标馏分粉末（40-60μm）的产量增加与雾化气体供应的减少之间存在相关性。建立了球形颗粒的分数与所需切割分数的反比例关系。研究结果使雾化KhN60M钢时粉末的输出参数成为可能。粒径为–80 + 40μm的粉末具有0.99的形状因子和14–15 g / s的流动性的特征，使得可以将其用于使用添加剂技术制造产品。