When studying nanoceramics, it is necessary to constantly keep in mind the closest interrelation of their fabrication method, structure, and properties. Nanoceramic materials are used in various branches of technology as structural and functional materials. Nanoceramics are also widely used in medicine. They are harmless, stable, and have great affinity to living organisms. ZrO₂-based nanoceramics have a lower elastic modulus than other oxide materials. The specificity of their application lies in their high rupture strength, thermal shock resistance, and chemical stability at high temperatures. However, it is necessary to solve the problem of increasing the fracture toughness of ZrO₂-based ceramic materials. The complex alloying of ZrO₂ with yttrium and cerium oxides and the use of the Al₂O₃ additive leads to an increase in the fracture toughness and lowering of the negative effect of materials in the biological medium. In this work, the physicochemical properties of ceramic powders and materials of the ZrO₂–2Y₂O₃–4CeO₂–Al₂O₃ system synthesized by the chemical deposition of inorganic precursors when applying the sol-gel technology are considered based on scientific data and experimental studies. Alloying pure zirconium oxide by stabilizing Y₂O₃ and CeO₂ oxides and thermal hardening of Al₂O₃ ensure the conservation of the tetragonal structure at room temperature, which makes it possible to retard and control the crack resistance of the material under the load. Investigations into the influence of the sintering temperature and aluminum oxide content on the microstructure and grain size, as well as physicomechanical properties of ceramic materials of compositions ZrO₂–2Y₂O₃–4CeO₂ + 1 wt % Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂–2Y₂O₃–4CeO₂ + 3 wt % Al₂O₃, are carried out.

中文翻译：

---

基于锆，钇，铈和铝氧化物纳米粉体的陶瓷材料的物理化学过程

在研究纳米陶瓷时，有必要始终牢记纳米陶瓷的制造方法，结构和特性之间的最紧密联系。纳米陶瓷材料在各种技术领域中都用作结构和功能材料。纳米陶瓷还广泛用于医学中。它们无害，稳定，并且对生物体具有极大的亲和力。基于ZrO ₂的纳米陶瓷的弹性模量低于其他氧化物材料。其应用的特殊性在于其高的断裂强度，耐热冲击性和高温下的化学稳定性。然而，必须解决增加基于ZrO ₂的陶瓷材料的断裂韧性的问题。ZrO ₂的复杂合金化如果使用钇和铈的氧化物，以及使用Al ₂ O ₃添加剂，则会增加断裂韧性，并降低生物介质中材料的负面影响。在这项工作中，基于科学性考虑了陶瓷粉和ZrO ₂ –2Y ₂ O ₃ –4CeO ₂ –Al ₂ O ₃系统的材料的物理化学特性，这些材料是在应用溶胶-凝胶技术时通过无机前体的化学沉积合成的。数据和实验研究。通过稳定Y ₂ O ₃和CeO ₂合金化纯氧化锆Al ₂ O _3的氧化物和热硬化确保在室温下保持四方结构，这使得可以在负载下延迟和控制材料的抗裂性。ZrO ₂ –2Y ₂ O ₃ –4CeO ₂ + 1 wt％Al ₂ O ₃和ZrO ₂组成的陶瓷材料的烧结温度和氧化铝含量对显微组织和晶粒度以及物理力学性能的影响–2Y ₂ O ₃ –4CeO ₂ + 3 wt％Al ₂ O ₃，进行。