This article analyzes the history of the development and dynamics of the structure and species composition of the principal target species of the national commercial fisheries in the Black Sea from the time of the demise of the Crimean Khanate in 1783 to the present day, as well as the structure of the Black Sea exploitable bioresources that had evolved throughout the geological history of the development of the Ponto–Caspian basin (over 30 million years). This study involves the geography and composition of catches, as well as the scales and techniques of fish harvesting in the 20th–21st centuries. There have been stages identified of intensification and decline in fish harvesting success and reasons for these variations (natural dynamics of population size, predaceous species pressure, construction of hydraulic structures, sea pollution, overfishing, and poaching). The author demonstrates that at the end of the 20th century the fishing industry of Russia entered a depressive state, while the total average annual landing of other Black Sea states increased. At the same time, the ecological situation improved considerably and the population size of many previously exploited fish began to recover in the territorial waters of Russia due to reduced pressure from the predacious comb jelly Mnemiopsis and a decreased level of petroleum and chemical pollution in the coastal and shelf waters in the northern part of the Black Sea.

中文翻译：

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黑海生物资源潜力及其在 20-21 世纪国家商业渔业中的开发

本文分析了从 1783 年克里米亚汗国灭亡至今，黑海国家商业渔业主要目标物种的结构和物种组成的发展历史和动态，以及黑海可开发生物资源的结构在整个蓬托-里海盆地发展的地质历史（超过 3000 万年）中不断演变。这项研究涉及渔获物的地理和组成，以及 20 至 21 世纪鱼类捕捞的规模和技术。已经确定了鱼类捕捞成功率的集约化和下降阶段以及这些变化的原因（种群规模的自然动态、捕食物种压力、水利结构的建设、海洋污染、过度捕捞和偷猎）。作者论证了20世纪末俄罗斯渔业进入萧条状态，而其他黑海国家的年均登陆总量有所增加。与此同时，由于掠食性栉水母 Mnemiopsis 的压力降低和沿海石油和化学污染水平的降低，俄罗斯领海的生态状况得到了显着改善，许多以前被开发的鱼类的种群规模开始恢复。和黑海北部的大陆架水域。