Abstract The shock-explosive processing of rocks by micrometeorite and meteorite bombardment on the surface of the Moon and other airless bodies of the solar system is a dominant geological and geochemical process that produces the loose layer of regolith. The paper presents results of modeling the process of a micrometeorite impact using a millisecond laser. The targets in the experiment were a sample of basalt of composition similar to those of basalts at Moon’s mare areas and a sample of basalt glass obtained by melting this basalt. At the laser “impact”, products ejected from the crater (glass spherules, droplets of various shapes, and condensates) and melting products in the crater were studied by electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis with energy-dispersive spectrometers, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence analysis. It has been shown that the glasses (melt drops) obtained in the experiment with the basalt target are characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of chemical composition. They were mixed in variable proportions as a result of melting the original minerals of the basalt. The spherules that have undergone significant evaporation differentiation in the experiment with a basalt target (crystalline basalt) make up about 25%. When the target was basalt glass, the proportion of the spherules (that have undergone profound evaporative differentiation) was ~90%. The glass was depleted in high- and medium-volatility components (Na 2 O, K 2 O, FeO, etc.). The most strongly differentiated glasses corresponded to high-alumina HASP glasses found on the Moon (Al 2 O 3 > 34 wt %, SiO 2 < 32 wt %).

中文翻译：

---

微陨石撞击月球的实验模拟

摘要 微陨石和陨石撞击月球表面和太阳系其他无空气天体对岩石的冲击-爆炸处理是产生松散风化层的主要地质和地球化学过程。本文介绍了使用毫秒激光对微陨石撞击过程进行建模的结果。实验中的目标是一个成分与月球月海地区的玄武岩相似的玄武岩样品和一个通过熔化这种玄武岩获得的玄武岩玻璃样品。在激光“撞击”中，从火山口喷出的产物（玻璃球、各种形状的液滴和冷凝物）和火山口中的熔化产物通过电子显微镜、能谱仪的电子探针分析、X 射线衍射、和 X 射线荧光分析。已经表明，在玄武岩靶实验中获得的玻璃（熔滴）的特征在于化学成分的不均匀分布。由于玄武岩的原始矿物熔化，它们以不同的比例混合。在玄武岩靶（结晶玄武岩）的实验中经历了显着蒸发分化的球粒约占 25%。当目标是玄武岩玻璃时，小球的比例（经历了深刻的蒸发分化）为~90%。玻璃中的高和中挥发性成分（Na 2 O、K 2 O、FeO 等）已耗尽。差异最大的玻璃对应于在月球上发现的高铝 HASP 玻璃（Al 2 O 3 > 34 wt%，SiO 2 < 32 wt%）。