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Available Nitrogen in Paddy Soils Depth: Influence on Rice Root Morphology and Plant Nutrition
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s42729-020-00190-5
Gerson Laerson Drescher , Leandro Souza da Silva , Qamar Sarfaraz , Trenton L. Roberts , Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso , Raíssa Schwalbert , Anderson Cesar Ramos Marques

Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and its availability in soil profile can influence the plant root morphology and total nutrient uptake. This study evaluated if N from deeper soil layers would increase rice root growth, N uptake and influence plant nutritional status. Flooded rice was grown in undisturbed soil samples from three locations with 15 N-labeled ammonium sulfate application at different depths (0, 10, 20, 30, and 45 cm). At rice heading, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate were measured at flag leaves and rice biomass production, root morphology, and total N and 15 N uptake were evaluated. Higher biomass and N uptake were observed with N application at near soil surface layers. The majority of rice N uptake was derived from soil, which was more evident when N fertilizer was injected at 45 cm deep (on average 74%). The highest root growth was observed at the near surface layers with constant decrease in depth, up to 60 cm. Roots from deeper layers exhibited smaller diameter, as they were mainly highly branched roots. The N application at 30 and 45 cm depths provided N later in the season, resulting in plants with lower total biomass but with higher N content in aboveground biomass, with higher chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, and carboxylation efficiency by Rubisco. The N available below 20 cm contributes to plant nutrition and root growth, hence soils with available N in depth likely cause plants to function more optimally in photosynthates supply.

中文翻译:

稻田土壤有效氮深度:对水稻根系形态和植物营养的影响

氮 (N) 是水稻 ( Oryza sativa L.) 的关键养分,其在土壤剖面中的有效性会影响植物根系形态和总养分吸收。该研究评估了来自更深土壤层的氮是否会促进水稻根系生长、氮吸收并影响植物营养状况。在三个地点的未受干扰的土壤样品中种植淹水水稻,在不同深度(0、10、20、30 和 45 厘米)施用 15 N 标记的硫酸铵。在水稻抽穗时,测量旗叶处的叶绿素含量和光合作用速率,并评估水稻生物量产量、根系形态以及全氮和 15 N 吸收量。在近土壤表层施氮时观察到更高的生物量和氮吸收量。水稻对氮的吸收主要来自土壤,当氮肥注入深度为 45 cm 时,这一点更为明显(平均 74%)。在近地表层观察到最高的根生长,深度不断减小,可达 60 厘米。更深层的根表现出较小的直径,因为它们主要是高度分枝的根。在 30 和 45 厘米深度施氮,在季节后期提供 N,导致植物总生物量较低,但地上生物量中的 N 含量较高,具有较高的叶绿素含量、光合作用速率和 Rubisco 的羧化效率。低于 20 厘米的可用氮有助于植物营养和根系生长,因此土壤中可用氮的深度可能会使植物在光合物质供应方面发挥更佳的作用。高达 60 厘米。更深层的根表现出较小的直径,因为它们主要是高度分枝的根。在 30 和 45 厘米深度施氮,在季节后期提供 N,导致植物总生物量较低,但地上生物量中的 N 含量较高,具有较高的叶绿素含量、光合作用速率和 Rubisco 的羧化效率。低于 20 cm 的可用氮有助于植物营养和根系生长,因此土壤中可用氮的深度可能会使植物在光合物质供应方面发挥更佳的作用。高达 60 厘米。更深层的根表现出较小的直径,因为它们主要是高度分枝的根。在 30 和 45 厘米深度施氮,在季节后期提供 N,导致植物总生物量较低,但地上生物量中的 N 含量较高,具有较高的叶绿素含量、光合作用速率和 Rubisco 的羧化效率。低于 20 cm 的可用氮有助于植物营养和根系生长,因此土壤中可用氮的深度可能会使植物在光合物质供应方面发挥更佳的作用。Rubisco 测定光合作用速率和羧化效率。低于 20 cm 的可用氮有助于植物营养和根系生长,因此土壤中可用氮的深度可能会使植物在光合物质供应方面发挥更佳的作用。Rubisco 测定光合作用速率和羧化效率。低于 20 cm 的可用氮有助于植物营养和根系生长,因此土壤中可用氮的深度可能会使植物在光合物质供应方面发挥更佳的作用。
更新日期:2020-03-02
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