Climate change makes it necessary to re-evaluate the erosion potential of forest infrastructure. We used the Forest Service WEPP interfaces (FS WEPP) to compare soil erosion potentials of two competing logging practices in steep terrain in the Northern Black Forest, Germany: (1) Felling with harvesters and logging with forwarders in slope line with optional traction supporting winches. (2) Felling by chainsaw, logging with a cable winch, and further transport of logs via forest dirt roads. After forest harvest we measured erosion, runoff, and DOC concentration in runoff from 50 m sections of two machine tracks, two cable tracks, and a dirt road for 2 years. The erosion measurements were used to validate FS WEPP management options and a regionally adjusted CLIGEN input file. With these parameterizations we compared the erosion potential of the two practices on subcatchment scale by modeling return periods and total sediment export with FS WEPP. Model results show that logging operations with heavy machinery in slope line are less prone to soil erosion than logging operations including winch logging and additional dirt roads. The former produces less sediment in its worst-case configuration than the latter in its most moderate configuration by a factor of two. Model results also show that erosion prevention benefits from long periods of 10 years between two harvests.

中文翻译：

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在德国黑森林北部陡峭地形上进行机械化伐木作业后的土壤侵蚀建模

气候变化使得有必要重新评估森林基础设施的侵蚀潜力。我们使用林务局 WEPP 接口 (FS WEPP) 来比较德国黑森林北部陡峭地形中两种相互竞争的伐木做法的土壤侵蚀潜力：(1) 在斜坡线上使用收割机进行采伐，并使用带有可选牵引支撑绞盘的货运代理进行采伐. (2) 电锯砍伐，用绞车伐木，并通过森林土路进一步运输原木。森林采伐后，我们测量了 2 年中两条机器轨道、两条电缆轨道和一条土路的 50 m 段径流中的侵蚀、径流和 DOC 浓度。侵蚀测量用于验证 FS WEPP 管理选项和区域调整的 CLIGEN 输入文件。通过这些参数化，我们通过模拟回归期和使用 FS WEPP 的总沉积物输出，在子汇水面积尺度上比较了两种做法的侵蚀潜力。模型结果表明，在斜坡线上使用重型机械的伐木作业比包括绞车伐木和额外土路的伐木作业更不容易发生土壤侵蚀。前者在最坏情况下产生的沉积物比后者在最温和的配置下少两倍。模型结果还表明，两次收获之间长达 10 年的时间间隔可以防止侵蚀。模型结果表明，在斜坡线上使用重型机械的伐木作业比包括绞车伐木和额外土路的伐木作业更不容易发生土壤侵蚀。前者在最坏情况下产生的沉积物比后者在最温和的配置下少两倍。模型结果还表明，两次收获之间长达 10 年的时间间隔可以防止侵蚀。模型结果表明，在斜坡线上使用重型机械的伐木作业比包括绞车伐木和额外土路的伐木作业更不容易发生土壤侵蚀。前者在最坏情况下产生的沉积物比后者在最温和的配置下少两倍。模型结果还表明，两次收获之间长达 10 年的时间间隔可以防止侵蚀。