The red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) (hereafter RSC), native to the southern United States and north-eastern Mexico, is currently the most widely distributed crayfish globally as well as one of the invasive species with most devastating impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Reconstructing the introduction routes of invasive species and identifying the motivations that have led to those movements is necessary to accurately reduce the likelihood of further introductions. In this study, we: (i) review the temporal evolution of the scientific literature on the RSC; (ii) compile georeferenced, time-explicit records of the species to provide a comprehensive understanding of its global expansion process; and (iii) evaluate the potential role of biological supply companies in the translocations of the RSC. The interest of the RSC in scientific research increased steadily since the beginning of the twentieth century until stabilization in the late 1960s. The number of studies related to the use of the RSC in aquaculture showed two peaking periods: the years elapsed between 1970s to mid-1980s, and a continuous increase since the mid-1980s. Research on the RSC as an invasive species has only been numerically relevant in recent times, with the number of studies increasing since the 2000s to represent currently around 25% of the scientific production dealing with this species. Although the first introductions of the RSC took place in the 1920s, our synthesis highlights the rapid expansion of the species since the 1960s, arguably promoted by the emergence of crayfish industry, but other introduction pathways such as the mitigation of schistosomiasis, potential releases from research experiments, school science programs or pet trade cannot be ruled out. Currently, the RSC is present in 40 countries of four continents and there is still potential for further expansion. Commercial suppliers from native (Louisiana) and non-native (California or North Carolina) areas in the United States have provided live-specimens of the RSC for scientific research around the world for decades, suggesting that the invasion process of the RSC could be more complex than generally assumed. Tracing the introduction routes of invasive species and understanding the motivations that have led to those movements of species is key to reduce their spread and the likelihood of future introductions.

中文翻译：

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离家一个世纪：红色沼泽小龙虾如何占领世界

红沼泽小龙虾（Procambarus clarkii）（以下简称RSC）原产于美国南部和墨西哥东北部，是目前全球分布最广的小龙虾，也是对淡水生态系统造成破坏性影响最大的入侵物种之一。重建入侵物种的引入路线并确定导致这些移动的动机对于准确降低进一步引入的可能性是必要的。在这项研究中，我们： (i) 回顾 RSC 科学文献的时间演变；(ii) 汇编该物种的地理参考、时间明确的记录，以全面了解其全球扩张过程；(iii) 评估生物供应公司在 RSC 易位中的潜在作用。自 20 世纪初以来，RSC 对科学研究的兴趣稳步增加，直到 1960 年代后期才趋于稳定。与在水产养殖中使用 RSC 相关的研究数量显示出两个高峰期：1970 年代至 1980 年代中期，以及自 1980 年代中期以来持续增加的年份。将 RSC 作为入侵物种的研究最近才在数值上相关，自 2000 年代以来，研究数量不断增加，目前约占处理该物种的科学成果的 25%。尽管 RSC 的首次引入发生在 1920 年代，但我们的综合强调了自 1960 年代以来该物种的快速扩张，这可以说是由小龙虾产业的出现推动的，但其他引入途径，如减轻血吸虫病，不能排除来自研究实验、学校科学计划或宠物贸易的潜在释放。目前，RSC已在四大洲的40个国家开展业务，仍有进一步扩展的潜力。美国本土（路易斯安那州）和非本土（加利福尼亚或北卡罗来纳州）地区的商业供应商几十年来一直为世界各地的科学研究提供 RSC 的活体标本，这表明 RSC 的入侵过程可能更多比一般假设的复杂。追踪入侵物种的引入途径并了解导致物种迁移的动机是减少其传播和未来引入可能性的关键。RSC 遍布四大洲的 40 个国家，并且仍有进一步扩展的潜力。美国本土（路易斯安那州）和非本土（加利福尼亚或北卡罗来纳州）地区的商业供应商几十年来一直为世界各地的科学研究提供 RSC 的活体标本，这表明 RSC 的入侵过程可能更多比一般假设的复杂。追踪入侵物种的引入途径并了解导致物种迁移的动机是减少其传播和未来引入可能性的关键。RSC 遍布四大洲的 40 个国家，并且仍有进一步扩展的潜力。几十年来，美国本土（路易斯安那州）和非本土（加利福尼亚或北卡罗来纳州）地区的商业供应商为世界各地的科学研究提供了 RSC 的活体标本，这表明 RSC 的入侵过程可能更加复杂。比一般假设的复杂。追踪入侵物种的引入途径并了解导致物种迁移的动机是减少其传播和未来引入可能性的关键。美国本土（路易斯安那州）和非本土（加利福尼亚或北卡罗来纳州）地区的商业供应商几十年来一直为世界各地的科学研究提供 RSC 的活体标本，这表明 RSC 的入侵过程可能更多比一般假设的复杂。追踪入侵物种的引入途径并了解导致物种迁移的动机是减少其传播和未来引入可能性的关键。美国本土（路易斯安那州）和非本土（加利福尼亚或北卡罗来纳州）地区的商业供应商几十年来一直为世界各地的科学研究提供 RSC 的活体标本，这表明 RSC 的入侵过程可能更多比一般假设的复杂。追踪入侵物种的引入途径并了解导致物种迁移的动机是减少其传播和未来引入可能性的关键。