Rice consumption in Tanzania has greatly increased since the 1960s; it is predicted to continue to increase owing to urbanization and changes in consumer preferences from traditional staples to rice. In this study, we review rice agroecology, its value chain, and price determinants, and the history of and challenges to rice research in Tanzania. Our main findings are as follows: (1) rice cultivation can be classified into three major categories: irrigated lowland, rainfed lowland, and rainfed upland. Irrigated lowland is then subdivided into the permanent river, seasonal water, dam, and groundwater subtypes, while rainfed lowland is subdivided into flood plain (fields near rivers), catchment (fields on gentle slope in catchment basin), narrow valley (fields on flat narrow valley bottoms), and plain grassland (fields on gentle slope in savannah grassland). (2) Various stakeholders are involved in production, storage, milling, wholesale, retail, and trade at local, urban, regional, and national levels, resulting in higher market prices of local rice compared to imported rice. However, consumers still choose local rice consisting of traditional cultivar because of its distinct taste and aroma. (3) Improving yield potential through the introduction of foreign elite lines/cultivars has been a major research target; however, farmers have been rejecting most of the new cultivars due to poor grain quality. (4) An integrated set of agronomic management techniques is effective in increasing the yield of traditional cultivars under irrigated lowland. Technical package effectiveness has yet to be tested in all subtypes of rainfed lowland. We propose a new research framework for rice production in Tanzania that is greatly oriented toward meeting consumer demands. In the framework, both breeding and agronomy should have specific research targets for each agroecosystem. Furthermore, genetic resources of traditional cultivars should be fully explored. This study shows the importance of multidisciplinary approach in improving rice production in Tanzania.

中文翻译：

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以市场为导向的研究对坦桑尼亚大米生产的重要性。回顾

自1960年代以来，坦桑尼亚的大米消费量大大增加。由于城市化以及从传统主食到大米的消费者喜好变化，预计这一数字将继续增加。在这项研究中，我们回顾了水稻农业生态，其价值链和价格决定因素，以及坦桑尼亚水稻研究的历史和挑战。我们的主要发现如下：（1）水稻种植可分为三大类：灌溉低地，雨养低地和雨养高地。然后将灌溉的低地细分为永久河流，季节性水，水坝和地下水亚型，而将雨水灌溉的低地细分为洪泛平原（河流附近的田地），集水区（集水盆地平缓坡地上的田地），狭窄的山谷（平地上的田地）谷底狭窄），和平原草原（大草原草地上平缓的坡地）。（2）各种利益相关者参与了地方，城市，区域和国家各级的生产，存储，制粉，批发，零售和贸易，因此与进口大米相比，当地大米的市场价格更高。然而，由于其独特的味道和香气，消费者仍选择由传统品种组成的本地大米。（3）通过引进国外优良品系/品种来提高单产潜力已成为主要研究目标；但是，农民由于谷物质量差而拒绝了大多数新品种。（4）一套综合的农艺管理技术有效地提高了灌溉低地下传统品种的产量。技术包的有效性尚未在雨养低地的所有子类型中进行测试。我们为坦桑尼亚的稻米生产提出了一个新的研究框架，该框架非常注重满足消费者的需求。在该框架中，育种和农学都应对每种农业生态系统都有具体的研究目标。此外，应充分探索传统品种的遗传资源。这项研究表明，采用多学科方法对改善坦桑尼亚的稻米生产至关重要。