Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a defoliating pest in Canada and the northeastern United States. Given its important ecological and economic effects in affected regions, several direct management techniques have been developed, including the application of the insect growth regulator tebufenozide (Mimic™, RH-5992) to feeding larval stages. While the effectiveness of tebufenozide, in this capacity, is understood, management programs of other lepidopteran pests have demonstrated the effectiveness of tebufenozide application when utilized against other life stages. Here, we investigated the toxicity of topically-applied tebufenozide to C. fumiferana pupae to determine if such a strategy could be feasible. We observed significant dose-dependent decreases in the likelihood of adult emergence, increases in the likelihood of pupal death or adult deformity at eclosion, and significant decreases in mean adult longevity. Estimated LD 50 (lethal dose) values for adult male and female C. fumiferana treated as pupae ≤ 4 days after pupation were approximately 1–3 and 2–3.5% ACI (active commercial ingredient) respectively. Estimated L-SD (lethal-sublethal) 50 doses for adult male and female C. fumiferana treated as pupae ≤4 days after pupation were <1, and <2% ACI, respectively. Mating success was also significantly lower in mating pairs containing adults treated as pupae. Although, the amounts required to cause appreciable pupal mortality were much higher than those currently applied operationally in the C. fumiferana system, our study illustrates the potential of tebufenozide to utilized against additional developmental stages in other lepidopteran pests.

中文翻译：

---

局部应用丁苯芬唑胺对烟酸Choristoneura pupae（鳞翅目：Tor科）的影响

Choristoneura fumiferana（Clemens）（鳞翅目：Tortricidae）是加拿大和美国东北部的一种落叶害虫。鉴于其对受灾地区的重要生态和经济影响，已经开发了几种直接管理技术，包括将昆虫生长调节剂戊丁苯肼（Mimic™，RH-5992）应用于幼体摄食阶段。尽管人们以这种方式了解了丁苯菊酯的有效性，但其他鳞翅目害虫的管理程序已经证明了在与其他生命阶段配合使用时，丁苯菊酯的有效性。在这里，我们调查了局部应用替布非尼特对C. fumiferana的毒性to来确定这种策略是否可行。我们观察到成年出现的可能性显着的剂量依赖性降低，闭塞时p死亡或成年畸形的可能性显着增加，平均成年寿命显着降低。化脓后≤4天处理成虫的成年雄性和雌性C. fumiferana的LD 50（致死剂量）的估计值分别约为ACI（有效商业成分）的1-3％和2-3.5％。成年雄性和雌性C. fumiferana的L-SD（致死-亚致死）估计50剂化脓后≤4天处理为化脓的ACI分别为<1和<2％。在含有成年p的成年交配中，交配成功率也显着降低。尽管引起可观的p死亡率的数量远高于目前在C. fumiferana系统中实际应用的数量，但我们的研究表明，tebufenozide有潜力用于其他鳞翅目害虫的其他发育阶段。