Recently, on the EU market, phosphonic acid residues were detected in many organic goods, although fosetyl-derivates and phosphite salts are not allowed by Reg. EC n. 889/2009. The BIOFOSF project “Solving phosphite issue in organic fruit and horticultural crops” aimed at verifying whether the phosphonic acid contamination could be due to unproper use of fertilizers/plant protection products by organic farmers, or to the plant’s ability to self-produce it spontaneously. Applying a participative approach, field case-studies on potato, rocket lettuce, and pears were carried out (organic vs. integrated systems). The ethyl-phosphonic acid and phosphonic acid were determined in soil, tubers, leaves, fruits, tree woody organs, used fertilizers, and plant protection products to correlate them to the applied farming management. Tested crops were not able to self-synthetize phosphonic acid, being its detection due to: (i) external inputs not allowed in organic farming; (ii) fertilizers/plant protection products allowed in organic farming, contaminated by fosetyl or phosphite. In addition, it was found that tree crops can stock the phosphite in their woody organs, then translocate it from branches to leaves and fruits over time. Regression models applied to field data showed that fruit trees decontamination could take more than 5 years, depending on the starting value of phosphonic acid contamination, useful to define the phosphite maximum residue limit in organic fruit crops.

中文翻译：

---

评估有机蔬菜和水果作物中膦酸残留物的来源：Biofosf项目多参与者方法

最近，在欧盟市场上，尽管Reg不允许使用草胺磷衍生物和亚磷酸酯盐，但在许多有机产品中都检测到了膦酸残留。欧共体 889/2009。BIOFOSF项目“解决有机水果和园艺作物中的亚磷酸盐问题”旨在验证膦酸污染是由于有机农对肥料/植物保护产品的不当使用，还是由于植物自发地自我生产的能力。采用参与式方法，对马铃薯，火箭生菜和梨进行了实地案例研究（有机系统与综合系统）。在土壤，块茎，叶子，果实，树木木质器官，使用的肥料和植物保护产品中测定了乙基膦酸和膦酸，以使其与应用的耕作管理相关。被测作物无法自我合成膦酸，因为其检测结果是：（i）有机耕作中不允​​许的外部投入；（ii）有机农业中允许使用的肥料，植保产品，这些产品已被福赛太尔或亚磷酸酯污染。此外，还发现树木可以将亚磷酸酯储存在其木质器官中，然后随着时间的推移将其从树枝转移到叶子和果实。应用于田间数据的回归模型显示，果树净化可能需要5年以上的时间，具体取决于膦酸污染的起始值，可用于定义有机水果作物中亚磷酸盐的最大残留限量。受磷塞基或亚磷酸酯污染。此外，还发现树木可以将亚磷酸酯储存在其木质器官中，然后随着时间的推移将其从树枝转移到叶子和果实。应用于田间数据的回归模型显示，果树净化可能需要5年以上的时间，具体取决于膦酸污染的起始值，可用于定义有机水果作物中亚磷酸盐的最大残留限量。受磷塞基或亚磷酸酯污染。此外，还发现树木可以将亚磷酸盐储存在其木质器官中，然后随着时间的推移从树枝转移到叶子和果实。应用于田间数据的回归模型显示，果树净化可能需要5年以上的时间，具体取决于膦酸污染的起始值，可用于定义有机水果作物中亚磷酸盐的最大残留限量。