In the era of global environmental change, land transformation is acknowledged as a critical subject that needs to be addressed. Even though some studies have been carried out in Ghana on land use and land cover (LULC) change of wetlands, the conventional methods used were unable to reveal the underlying processes associated with the land transformation. This study employed Intensity Analysis to assess LULC change pattern (1985–2017) in three coastal urban wetlands of international importance in Ghana in order to identify the fundamental processes driving the wetland landscape transformation. Wetlands considered for this study were the Densu Delta, Sakumo II and Muni-Pomadze Ramsar Sites. The observed overall annual change in the first time interval; 2.42% (Densu Delta), 1.47% (Sakumo II) and 2.65% (Muni-Pomadze) was smaller compared to that of the second time interval 2.60% (Densu Delta), 3.55% (Sakumo II) and 2.91% (Muni-Pomadze). The human-induced LULC categories continuously grew at the expense of natural LULC categories. Large transitions from natural LULC categories to built-up were observed in all the three wetlands and in addition, large transition of dense forest to cultivated land was recorded at the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar Site. The main underlying process associated with land transformation in the wetlands was urbanization. Besides, agricultural activities also contributed substantially to LULC changes at the Muni-Pomadze wetland.

中文翻译：

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使用强度分析评估加纳具有国际重要性的沿海城市湿地的土地利用和土地覆被变化

在全球环境变化时代，土地转化被认为是需要解决的关键课题。尽管在加纳已进行了有关土地利用和湿地土地覆盖（LULC）变化的一些研究，但使用的常规方法无法揭示与土地转化相关的潜在过程。这项研究使用强度分析来评估加纳的三个具有国际重要性的沿海城市湿地的土地利用变化和土地利用变化（1985-2017年），以确定驱动湿地景观转变的基本过程。本研究考虑的湿地是Densu三角洲，Sakumo II和Muni-Pomadze Ramsar站点。在第一个时间间隔内观察到的总体年度变化；2.42％（Densu Delta），1.47％（Sakumo II）和2。65％（Muni-Pomadze）小于第二时间间隔的2.60％（Densu Delta），3.55％（Sakumo II）和2.91％（Muni-Pomadze）。人为导致的LULC类别不断增长，但以自然LULC类别为代价。在这三个湿地中均观察到从自然土地利用低变化的土地类别向集约型土地的大规模过渡，此外，在Muni-Pomadze Ramsar站点记录到茂密的森林向耕地的大规模过渡。与湿地土地转化相关的主要潜在过程是城市化。此外，农业活动也极大地推动了Muni-Pomadze湿地土地利用，土地利用变化。在这三个湿地中均观察到从自然土地利用低碳土地利用类别到集聚地的大转变，此外，在穆尼-波马兹拉姆萨尔遗址也记录到茂密的森林向耕地的大转变。与湿地土地转化相关的主要潜在过程是城市化。此外，农业活动也极大地推动了Muni-Pomadze湿地土地利用，土地利用变化。在这三个湿地中均观察到从自然土地利用低变化的土地类别向集约型土地的大规模过渡，此外，在Muni-Pomadze Ramsar站点记录到茂密的森林向耕地的大规模过渡。与湿地土地转化相关的主要潜在过程是城市化。此外，农业活动也极大地推动了Muni-Pomadze湿地土地利用和土地利用变化。