Abstract

Many countries, especially in arid and semiarid regions, suffer from water scarcity because of the decline in the existing freshwater reserves by consumption and pollution. Climate change also makes the problem even more difficult and costly. In order to resolve the increased water scarcity problem, seawater desalination powered by renewables such as solar and/or wind can be an opportunity to reduce future concerns of countries related to increased water demand. Site assessment for solar desalination plants is also essential in planning the establishment of these facilities, and many factors including environmental, economic, demographic, and climatic criteria should be taken into account. The study aims to develop a geographic information systems–multi-criteria evaluation (GIS-MCE) model divided into three sub-models including (1) fuzzy factor standardization, (2) analytic hierarchy process-based factor weighting, and (3) aggregation of sub-models in a logical manner. This study focuses on a model where environmental, demographic, and climatic factors are evaluated, but economic requirements, energy requirements, and uncertainties of desalination are not addressed. The developed GIS-MCE model assessed the site suitability of coastal regions of Turkey under the consideration of six criteria such as seawater temperature, seawater salinity, solar radiation, precipitation, population, and water unit price. As a result of the study, the most suitable sites for solar desalination were identified as İstanbul, İzmir, and Aydın in the Marmara and the Aegean regions, while the cities Artvin, Trabzon, and Rize in the Black Sea region have the lowest suitability.

Graphic abstract

摘要

许多国家，特别是在干旱和半干旱地区的国家，由于消费和污染导致现有淡水储量下降，使水资源短缺。气候变化也使问题变得更加困难和代价高昂。为了解决日益严重的缺水问题，由可再生能源（例如太阳能和/或风能）驱动的海水淡化可以成为减少各国对水需求增加的担忧的机会。太阳能淡化厂的现场评估对于规划这些设施的建立也至关重要，并且应考虑许多因素，包括环境，经济，人口和气候标准。该研究旨在开发一个地理信息系统多标准评估（GIS-MCE）模型，该模型分为三个子模型，包括（1）模糊因子标准化，（2）基于层次分析过程的因子加权和（3）聚合以逻辑方式排列子模型。这项研究的重点是评估环境，人口和气候因素的模型，但未解决经济要求，能源要求和淡化的不确定性。发达的GIS-MCE模型在考虑六个标准（例如海水温度，海水盐度，太阳辐射，降水，人口和水单价）的基础上，评估了土耳其沿海地区的场地适合性。研究的结果是，最合适的太阳能淡化地点被确定为伊斯坦布尔，伊兹密尔，

图形摘要