Araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze) is a primarily dioecious species threatened with extinction that plays an important social and economic role especially in the southern region of Brazil. The aim of this work is to investigate the diversity and likely determinants of genetic lineages in this species for conservation management. For this, a collection of 30-year-old Araucaria was used. Accessions collected from 12 sites across the species range were analyzed, with ten individuals per site. The SSR genotyping was conducted with 15 loci and the data were analyzed using several complementary approaches. Descriptive statistics among sampling sites were used and diversity was partitioned non-hierarchically to estimate the size and composition of genetic clusters using a Bayesian assignment method. To explore possible biological implications of differences between Niche Models and habitat suitability, a series of statistical procedures were used, and tests were carried out using the software ENM Tools and Maxent. Populations from the southernmost zone showed higher genetic variation and a lower inbreeding coefficient compared to the northernmost zone, which may correlate with their isolation. A positive relation between genetic differentiation and geographic distance was observed. Two genetic groups (southernmost and northernmost zones) were evident. The Niche modelling showed separate ranges for each genetic lineage suggesting that differences in selection pressure may be playing a role in the apparent differentiation and may be adaptive. Finally, an evident correlation was observed between genetic data and habitat suitability. The two distinct groups observed must be considered as independent units for conservation and hybridization in breeding programs.

南洋杉（Araucaria angustifolia（Bert。）O. Ktze）是主要的雌雄异体物种，濒临灭绝，在巴西南部地区尤其发挥着重要的社会和经济作用。这项工作的目的是调查该物种遗传谱系的多样性和可能的​​决定因素，以进行保护管理。为此，使用了一个30岁的南洋杉。分析了从整个物种范围内的12个站点收集的种质，每个站点十个人。用15个基因座进行SSR基因分型，并使用几种互补方法分析数据。使用采样点之间的描述性统计数据，并且使用贝叶斯分配方法对多样性进行非分层划分，以评估遗传簇的大小和组成。为了探索生态位模型与生境适应性之间差异的可能生物学含义，使用了一系列统计程序，并使用软件ENM Tools和Maxent进行了测试。与最北端区域相比，最南端区域的种群遗传变异较高，近交系数较低，这可能与其隔离有关。观察到遗传分化与地理距离之间呈正相关。两个遗传群体（最南端和最北端的区域）很明显。Niche模型显示了每个遗传谱系的不同范围，表明选择压力的差异可能在表观分化中起作用，并且可能是适应性的。最后，在遗传数据和栖息地适宜性之间观察到明显的相关性。