This study investigates the morphological changes in cyanobacterial and microbial distribution characteristics of surface sediments, throughout different cyanobacterial blooms periods in Zhushan Bay, Taihu Lake. Comparative microscopic analysis of cyanobacterial morphology (n = 36) was performed during the formation period (W₁), stationary period (W₂), decline period (W₃) and decomposition period (W₄). Simultaneously, sequence analysis was performed on microbial 16S rRNA genes in sediments (n = 36) by high-throughput sequencing. The coverage of the sequencing library was very high (100%) indicating that the sequencing results well represented the microbes present in samples, among which the species richness in W₄ was the highest, while the species distribution uniformity was low. The microbial abundance distribution in all four periods showed that Firmicutes (33.45%), Cyanobacteria (30.44%), Proteobacteria (27.17%) and Bacteroidetes (7.2%) were the dominant flora, with W₁ dominated by Cyanobacteria, W₂ dominated by Firmicutes, W₃ dominated by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, and W₄ dominated by Proteobacteria. There were significant differences in microbial species abundance and distribution observed during each cyanobacterial bloom period and synchronous microorganisms in the sediment regulated bacterial abundance and distribution through signal transduction of various proteases. The findings of this study help to establish the impact of cyanobacteria blooms on the sediment environment and benefit the comprehensive assessment of hazard presented by cyanobacteria to the aquatic environment.

中文翻译：

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太湖蓝藻水华不同时期表层沉积物的蓝细菌和微生物分布特征表型变化

本研究调查了太湖竹山湾不同时期蓝藻水华时期表层沉积物的蓝藻和微生物分布特征的形态变化。 在形成期（W ₁），稳定期（W ₂），下降期（W ₃）和分解期（W ₄）期间，对蓝细菌的形态（n = 36）进行了比较显微镜分析。同时，对沉积物中的微生物16S rRNA基因进行了序列分析（n = 36）通过高通量测序。测序文库的覆盖率非常高（100％），表明测序结果很好地代表了样品中存在的微生物，其中W ₄的物种丰富度最高，而物种分布的均匀性较低。在所有四个周期中的微生物数量分布表明，厚壁菌门（33.45％），蓝藻（30.44％），变形菌（27.17％）和拟杆菌（7.2％）为优势菌群，与w ^ ₁通过主导蓝藻，w ^ ₂由主导厚壁菌门，w ^ ₃以变形杆菌和蓝细菌为主，W ₄以变形细菌为主。在每个蓝藻开花期观察到微生物物种的丰度和分布存在显着差异，而沉积物中的同步微生物通过各种蛋白酶的信号转导来调节细菌的丰度和分布。这项研究的发现有助于建立蓝藻水华对沉积物环境的影响，并有利于对蓝细菌对水生环境的危害进行综合评估。