Rainfall is the major contribution for groundwater recharge in arid and semiarid climates, therefore a key factor in water resources estimation. This work presents the results of an in-depth study in Doñana National Park concerning groundwater recharge behavior over a long period (1975–2016). The spatio-temporal kriging algorithm was used as a supportive tool to improve the reconstruction of the spatio-temporal rainfall variability. One of the main findings was that monthly recharge estimations range between 21 and 91% of the maximum rainfall, being overestimated in areas that also demonstrate spatial heterogeneity in rainfall distribution. In the light of these results, for water management purposes in the Mediterranean area, rainfall spatio-temporal scale is a critical aspect and it must be taken into account in groundwater reservoir allocation. Moreover, it is highlighted that local studies of rainfall and recharge, in an area of high ecological fragility, are essential to developing management strategies that prevent climate change effects and guarantee optimal conditions for groundwater resources in the future.

降雨是干旱和半干旱气候下地下水补给的主要贡献，因此是水资源估算的关键因素。这项工作介绍了在多纳纳国家公园进行的长期（1975-2016年）地下水补给行为深入研究的结果。时空克里金算法被用作支持工具，以改善时空降雨变异性的重建。主要发现之一是，每月补给量估计值在最大降雨量的21％到91％之间，在也显示降雨分布存在空间异质性的区域中，这被高估了。根据这些结果，出于地中海地区水管理的目的，降雨时空尺度是一个至关重要的方面，在地下水水库分配中必须考虑到这一点。