The well-being of people living around protected areas is critical in its own right as well as for effective conservation, particularly in human-dominated landscapes. We examine the contributions of financial, social, and natural capital to household food access of 883 households around Kanha National Park (KNP) in central India over three seasons. We use regression trees and mixed effects models to identify associations between natural, social, and financial capital indicators and household food access (an indicator of well-being). We find that food access is low in the KNP landscape with over 80% of households indicating lower than acceptable food consumption scores, with a further worsening in monsoon season. Financial capital (e.g., salaried jobs and proximity to towns for all seasons) is most prominently associated with higher food consumption scores. Moreover, households supplement incomes by converting social capital (e.g., 28% of surveyed households access “food in lieu of work or credit” in monsoon) and natural capital (e.g., 14% of surveyed households sold forest products in summer) to financial capital seasonally. Financial capital dwarfs contributions of social and natural capital around KNP, in contrast to other studies, which suggest that gains from natural capital are essential for well-being of people around protected areas. Management interventions, such as kitchen gardens (borne from human capital) to supplement market-bought produce, could contribute to food security without high financial inputs. However, food insecurity in the KNP landscape primarily relates to the lack of financial capital. Food security of people around protected areas in other human-dominated landscapes is likely to be context-specific and counter to frequent assumptions particularly as livelihood strategies change with increasing economic opportunities.

中文翻译：

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金融，社会和自然资本对印度中部坎哈国家公园周边粮食安全的贡献

生活在保护区周围的人们的福祉就其自身权利以及有效的保护至关重要，特别是在以人为主导的景观中。我们研究了三个季节中印度中部坎哈国家公园（KNP）周围883户家庭的食物，金融，社会和自然资本的贡献。我们使用回归树和混合效应模型来识别自然，社会和金融资本指标与家庭食物获取（幸福感的指标）之间的关联。我们发现，KNP地区的食物获取率很低，超过80％的家庭表明食物消费得分低于可接受的水平，并且在季风季节进一步恶化。金融资本（例如，受薪工作和所有季节都靠近城镇）与较高的食物消费分数最显着相关。此外，家庭通过将社会资本（例如，季风中有28％的被调查家庭获得“代替工作或信贷的食物”）和自然资本（例如，夏天中有14％的被调查家庭出售森林产品）转化为金融资本来补充收入。季节性地。与其他研究相反，金融资本使KNP周围的社会资本和自然资本的贡献相形见,，其他研究表明，自然资本的收益对于保护区周围人民的福祉至关重要。诸如菜园（由人力资本提供）等管理干预措施可以补充市场购买的农产品，而无需投入大量资金即可促进粮食安全。然而，KNP领域的粮食不安全主要与缺乏金融资本有关。在其他以人为主导的景观中，保护区周围人员的粮食安全可能因地制宜，并且与经常性假设背道而驰，特别是当生计策略随着经济机会的增长而变化时。