Due to discharge from acid sulfate (a.s.) soils, watercourses and coastal areas in the Gulf of Bothnia are periodically heavily acidified with high concentrations of potentially toxic metals. Data on water quality from 2005 to 2014 in an embanked lake, an estuary of four rivers in western Finland, showed repeated events with acidic water (pH < 5.5) with high concentrations of Al. Size fractionation and species modeling of Al showed that a significant part of the Al occurred as highly toxic small-size fractions (dissolved < 1 kDa and colloidal 1 kDa—0.45 µm) as free ions and complexed to sulfate. The larval abundance of the burbot (Lota lota L.) was shown to be sensitive to acidity during the wintertime spawning migration and spawning. Bearing in mind the importance of estuaries of the northern Baltic Sea as spawning and nursery areas of fish, the reoccurring failure in the reproduction of fish may cause a more serious threat for the lake and adjacent coastal fish stocks than the spectacular, but less frequent, mass kills of adult fish. This demonstrates the close relationship between climate, hydrology, water geochemistry and the aquatic coastal ecosystem in areas affected by a.s. soils. As the current forecast of climate chance indicates warmer winters with more continuous runoff, the effects can become even more prominent. This study also shows that the annual larvae abundance of burbot may be used as a bioindicator and an instrument for the fisheries for obtaining more comprehensive knowledge of the ecological effects of acidic metal discharge from a.s. soils.

由于从酸性硫酸盐（土壤）中排放出来，博特尼亚湾的河道和沿海地区定期被高浓度的潜在有毒金属酸化。2005年至2014年在芬兰西部四河河口的一个堤岸湖中的水质数据显示，使用高浓度Al的酸性水（pH <5.5）反复发生。Al的大小分级和物种建模显示，Al的很大一部分以高毒性小尺寸级分（溶解度<1 kDa和胶体1 kDa-0.45 µm）的形式作为游离离子存在，并与硫酸盐络合。的幼虫丰富度（Lota lotaL.）在冬季产卵迁徙和产卵期间对酸度敏感。铭记北波罗的海河口作为鱼类的产卵和育苗区的重要性，因此，鱼类繁殖的再次失败可能比壮观的，但不那么频繁的对湖泊和附近沿海鱼类种群造成更严重的威胁，成鱼的大规模杀戮。这表明在受土壤影响的地区，气候，水文学，水地球化学与沿海水生生态系统之间存在密切的关系。由于当前对气候机会的预测表明冬季更加温暖，径流更加连续，因此影响可能会更加突出。