Context Landscape sustainability emerges from interactions between linked human and natural systems. Many of these interactions are mediated by institutions (e.g., rules, laws, customs, traditions), most of which are themselves spatially defined entities that both generate and respond to spatial variation in the landscape. However, the spatial dynamics of the interplay between institutions and landscape heterogeneity are poorly understood. Objective To define the landscape ecology of institutions as an emerging research field, providing a summary of key themes and frontiers. Methods We draw on existing theory in both landscape ecology and institutional analysis to explore the interface between landscape ecology and institutions in social-ecological systems. Results Three central themes in understanding landscape sustainability through an institutional lens include the role of landscape heterogeneity as a driver of institutions; the spatial properties of institutions as influences on ecological and socioeconomic processes; and the relationships between institutions and landscape resilience. Emerging frontiers for further research include understanding the roles of top-down vs bottom up processes (design vs. emergence); understanding landscapes as institutional filters; the role of landscapes in institutional development and change; and co-evolutionary dynamics between landscapes and institutions. We discuss each of these points in detail. Conclusions Spatially mediated feedbacks between landscape structure and institutions are poorly understood and critical for landscape sustainability. Further research in this area will depend heavily on generating data sets that describe the spatial properties of institutions and allow them to be analysed as landscape features.

中文翻译：

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景观可持续性和机构景观生态

背景景观可持续性源于相互关联的人类和自然系统之间的相互作用。这些互动中的许多是由制度（例如，规则、法律、习俗、传统）调解的，其中大多数本身就是空间定义的实体，它们既产生又响应景观中的空间变化。然而，人们对制度和景观异质性之间相互作用的空间动态知之甚少。目的将机构景观生态学定义为一个新兴的研究领域，提供关键主题和前沿的总结。方法我们借鉴景观生态学和制度分析的现有理论，探索景观生态学与社会生态系统中制度之间的接口。结果 通过制度视角理解景观可持续性的三个中心主题包括景观异质性作为制度驱动因素的作用；制度的空间特性对生态和社会经济过程的影响；以及制度与景观恢复力之间的关系。进一步研究的新兴前沿包括理解自上而下与自下而上过程（设计与涌现）的作用；将景观理解为制度过滤器；景观在制度发展和变革中的作用；以及景观和机构之间的共同进化动态。我们将详细讨论这些要点中的每一个。结论景观结构和制度之间的空间中介反馈知之甚少，对景观可持续性至关重要。